Culture and socialisation

Question 1

culture like ___is a term used frequently and sometimes vaguely

Answer 1

society

Question 2

____is confined to the arts, or alludes to the way of life of certain classes or even countries

Answer 2

culture

Question 3

_____and ____study the social contexts within which culture exists

Answer 3

sociology and social anthropology

Question 4

you need ___ to conduct or behave yourself in society

Answer 4

culture

Question 5

_____is the common understanding which is learnt and developed through social interactions with others in society

Answer 5

culture

Question 6

cultures are never finished products. t or f

Answer 6

true -culture is a dynamic functioning unit

Question 7

creating meaning is ___virtue as we learn it in the company of others in families, groups, communities.

Answer 7

social

Question 8

____is primary socialisation and ______is secondary socialisation

Answer 8

family, school and other institutions

Question 9

having access to modern science and technology does not make modern cultures superior to tribal/primitive cultures. t or f

Answer 9

true

Question 10

cultures can/cannot be ranked?

Answer 10

cannot. but can be judged adequate or inadequate in terms of their ability to cope with the strains imposed by nature

Question 11

the sociologist looks at culture not as something that distinguishes individuals but as a ____

Answer 11

way of life in which all members of society participate

Question 12

who said “culture or civilisation taken in it’s wide ethnographic sense, is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom and ay other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society”

Answer 12

Edward Tylor(british scholar)

• all non-material stuff
• museum curator

Question 13

“culture comprises inherited artifacts, goods, technical process, ideas, habits and values’’

Answer 13

Bronislaw Malinowski

Question 14

______suggested that we look at human actions in the same way as we look at words in a book and see them as conveying a message

Answer 14

Clifford Geertz

Question 15

____said ‘man is an animal suspended in webs of significance he himself has spun. I take culture to be those webs.

Answer 15

Clifford Geertz

Question 16

__had placed a comparable emphasis on culture as a means of adding meaning to objective reality, using the example of people regarding water from a particular source as holy

Answer 16

Leslie White

Question 17

what led to the establishment of ‘field work’?

Answer 17

Malinowski happened to be stranded on an island in the Western Pacific during WW1 and thereby discovered the value of remaining for an extended period with the society one was studying

Question 18

the multiple definitions of culture in athropological studies led ___ and __from the US to to publish a comprehensive survey entitled Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Defintions in 1952

Answer 18

Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn

Question 19

____Refers to how we learn to process what we hear or see so as to give it meaning

Answer 19

cognitive culture

-eg: identifying ring of a cell phone as ours, recognisisng cartoon of a politician

Question 20

___refers to rules of conduct (not opening other people’s letters, performing rituals at death)

Answer 20

Normative

Question 21

______includes any activity made possible by means of materials(also include tools or machines)

Answer 21

material culture

-eg: internet chatting, using rice flour to make kolam

Question 22

understanding of material culture is incomplete without knowledge acquired from ____ and ____areas

Answer 22

cognitive and normative

Question 23

the cognitive aspects of one’s culture are harder to recognise than the ___aspects and it’s ___aspects

Answer 23

material(tangible/visible/audible) normative

Question 24

_____refers to understanding how we make sense of all the information coming to us from our environment

Answer 24

Cognition

Question 25

in ______societies ideas are transcribed in books and documents and preserved in libraries or archives

Answer 25

literate

Question 26

in ___societies legend or lore is committed to memory and transmitted orally

Answer 26

non-literate

Question 27

there are _____practitioners of oral tradition who are trained to remember and narrate during ritual or festive occassions

Answer 27

specialist

Question 28

who wrote 'prally and literacy'?

Answer 28

walter ong

Question 29

material that is not written down has certain specific chracteristics

Answer 29

- lot of repetition of words | - more receptive and involved audience

Question 30

_____consists of folkways, mores,customs, conventios and laws

Answer 30

normative dimension

Question 31

we most often follow social norms because we are used to doing it, as a result of___

Answer 31

socialisation

Question 32

all social norms are accompanied by ___that promote conformity

Answer 32

sanctions

Question 33

while ___ are implicit rules ___are explicit rules

Answer 33

norms, laws

Question 34

___remided us that when we try to understand another culture's norms, we must remember that there are certain implicit understandings

Answer 34

pierre bourdieu

Question 35

a ___is a formal sanction defined by government as a rule or principle that it's citizens must follow.

Answer 35

law

Question 36

laws are ___

Answer 36

explicit

Question 37

laws are applicable to__

Answer 37

whole society

Question 38

a violation of a law attracts ___ and __

Answer 38

penalties and punishment

Question 39

if in your home children are not allowed to stay outside after 9pm that is a __

Answer 39

norm

Question 40

if you are caught stealing a necklace you have broken the__

Answer 40

law

Question 41

laws derive from the ___ of the state

Answer 41

authority

Question 42

_____are the most formal definitions of acceptable behaviour

Answer 42

laws

Question 43

unlike laws, ___can vary according to ___

Answer 43

norms, status

Question 44

dominant sections of society apply ___norms

Answer 44

dominant

Question 45

2 principal dimensions of culture are__ and ___

Answer 45

material and non-material (cognitive and normative)

Question 46

____is crucial to enhance quality of life and increase production

Answer 46

material dimension

Question 47

for integrated functioning of a culture the __ and ____dimensions must work together

Answer 47

material , non-material

Question 48

when material/technological aspects change rapidly, non-material aspects can lag behind in terms of_____ and ____

Answer 48

values and norms -this gives rise to culture lag when non-material dimensions are unable to match the advances of technology

Question 49

___are not inherited but fashioned both by the individual and the group through their relationship with others

Answer 49

identities

Question 50

for the individual the ___ he/she plays imparts identity

Answer 50

social roles

Question 51

every person in modern society plays ___roles

Answer 51

multiple

Question 52

not sufficient to enact roles. they also have to be ___ and ____

Answer 52

recognised , acknowledged

Question 53

in a culture there can be many ____ like that of the elite and the working class youth

Answer 53

sub-cultures

Question 54

____are marked by style, taste and association

Answer 54

sub-cultures -within such groups there can be leaders and followers but group members are bound by the purpose of the group and work together to achieve their objectives

Question 55

sub-cultural groups can also function as __units which impart an identity to all group members

Answer 55

cohesive

Question 56

____is the application of one's own cultural values in evaluating the behaviour and beliefs of people from other cultures

Answer 56

ethnocentrism | -a sense of cultural superiority

Question 57

_values other cultures for their differences

Answer 57

cosmopolitanism

Question 58

_____Celebrates and accommodates different cultural propensities within it's fold and promotes cultural exchange and borrowings to enrich one's own culture

Answer 58

cosmopolitanism

Question 59

the ___language has emerged as a leading vehicle of international communication through it's constant inclusion of foreign words into it's vocabulary

Answer 59

English

Question 60

English despite its foreign inclusions does not become a separate language t or f

Answer 60

true

Question 61

____is the way in which societies change their patterns of culture

Answer 61

cultural change

Question 62

the impetus for change can be __ or __

Answer 62

internal(eg: new methods of farming) or external(colonisation)

Question 63

______can occur through changes in the natural environment, contact with other cultures or processes of adaptation

Answer 63

cultural change

Question 64

when a culture is transformed rapidly and its values and meaning systems undergo a radical change then _____change takes place

Answer 64

revolutionary

Question 65

______change can be initiated through political intervention, technological innovation or ecological transformation

Answer 65

revolutionary

Question 66

when a different understanding come to prevail__occurs

Answer 66

cultural change

Question 67

socialisation is a life-long process eventhough the most critical process happens in ___

Answer 67

the early years (stage of primary socialisation)

Question 68

secondary socialisation extends over the ___of a person

Answer 68

entire life

Question 69

the child is socialised by several agencies and institutions in which he/she participates this is known as___

Answer 69

agencies of socialisation

Question 70

in most ____socities the family into which a person is born largely determines the individual's social position for the rest of his/her life

Answer 70

traditional

Question 71

in some cultures, particularly small traditional societies peer groups are formalised as___

Answer 71

age-grades

Question 72

the word 'peer' means ___

Answer 72

equal

Question 73

______relationships often remain important throughout a person's life

Answer 73

peer

Question 74

_____has increasingly become a part of our everyday life

Answer 74

mass media

Question 75

the media can make the access to information more ____

Answer 75

democratic

Question 76

______communication is something that can reach a village by road and where no literacy centres have been set up

Answer 76

electronic

Question 77

socialisation in normal circumstances can never completely reduce people to ____

Answer 77

conformity

Question 78

___is also at the origin of our very individuality and freedom

Answer 78

socialisation

Question 79

______is the theory of culture, which argues that just like natural species, culture also evolves through variation and natural selection

Answer 79

cultural evolutionism

Question 80

______Was a system in feudal europe of ranking according to occupation.

Answer 80

estate system (nobility, clergy, the 3rd estate)

Question 81

_______comprises of the cultural traits which are written and widely accepted by the elites of a society who are educated and learned

Answer 81

great tradition

Question 82

________comprises of the cultural traits or traditions which are oral and operates at the village level

Answer 82

little tradition

Question 83

_______is an image of a person as reflected in the eyes of others

Answer 83

self image

Question 84

_______Are rights and responsibilities associated with a person's social position or status

Answer 84

social roles

Question 85

___is the process by which we learn to become members of the society

Answer 85

socialisation