Culture and social behaviour Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the own race bias effect in facial recognition?

A

We recognise and differentiate faces from own race better

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2
Q

Why does the own race bias occur in facial recognition?

A

We have better experience with our own race = particular attention & encoding

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3
Q

What are some universal characteristics of physical attractiveness?

A

Facial features
Leg-to-body ratio
Hip-to-waist ratio (evolutionary = fertility)

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4
Q

How is attractiveness thought to relate to personality?

A

Attractive people seen as more competent, adjusted, sexually interesting and less modest
Physical and personality traits interact

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5
Q

What was the difference between Japanese and American perceptions of a smiling mouth vs smiling eyes?

A

Americans: Smiling mouth = trustworthy & more intelligent
Japanese: Smiling eyes = trustworthy & more intelligent

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6
Q

What increased the occurrence of pro-white bias in audiences?

A

Exposure to negative behaviour towards black characters

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7
Q

What are some male imperatives for sexual selection (Darwin)?

A

Identifying reproductively valuable women
Gaining sexual access to women
Paternal uncertainty

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8
Q

What are some female imperatives for sexual selection (Darwin)?

A

Identifying mates who are able to invest resources

Identifying mates who are willing to invest

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9
Q

What is love according to Sternberg’s triangle of love theory?

A

Consummate Love = Intimacy + Passion + Commitment

Romantic Love = Intimacy + Passion
Companionate = Intimacy + Commitment
Fatuous (pointless)= Passion + Commitment

Liking = Intimacy
Empty Love = Commitment
Infatuation = Passion

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10
Q

Why does romantic love (intimacy + passion) occur?

A

Evolution = fosters (temporary) monogamy for neurological processes and from neurological processes (euphoric)

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11
Q

Which cultures value romantic love more?

A

Where there are fewer family ties
Where there is less influence on family network
(individualistic)

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12
Q

When love was valued as an essential ingredient to marriage it was found generally with people who were from?

A

An individualistic culture

Higher GDP

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13
Q

When looking at culture in terms of violent offenders what was the research mainly looking at?

A

How the offender sees the person that they

have hurt when committing the offence

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14
Q

Cultural psychology has 4 basic understandings which are?

A
Action is influenced by context 
Understanding is influenced by history 
Analysis should be grounded in the everyday
The mind = co-constructed by people
Individuals choose but are influenced 
Not simplistic (not just cause/effect)
Integrates other sciences
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15
Q

What were some of the reasons that the researcher found for offenders committing violent crimes?

A
Hedonism (maximising pleasure) 
Meeting your needs
Neutralising Personal Pain
Upholding a Principle
Standing up for the Group
Fulfilling Obligations
Saving Face
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16
Q

What did from individualist cultures prioritise?

A

Individual Honour: Their own needs and desires e.g. coping

17
Q

What did from collectivist cultures prioritise?

A

Cultural Pride: Publicly defending the group, and to discharge important group-oriented obligations

18
Q

Who is more likely to offend and what do they gain by offending?

A
People with fragile identities 
Social Capital (where they usually wouldn't have it any other way e.g. money)
19
Q

Theories that seek to explain crime focus mainly on? (3)

A

individual pathology
social variables that facilitate crime
interactional theories of both the individual and social vulnerabilities