Culture and Identity Flashcards
What is culture?
The language, beliefs
Values- right and wrong
Norms- what’s seen as normal
Folk culture
PRE INDUSTRIAL
Redfield - supported community’s, local , urban cities not present
Frankfurt school - reduces community In urban cities ( selfish individualistic )
High culture
RICH
‘Difficult to appreciate ‘
‘Good for society’
Bourdieu - status comes when cultural knowledge is obtained
Marxists - ruling class, caps
Low culture
DOESN’T EXISTS
Mass culture .
Cultural dope - people passive, no control
Global culture
Giddiens - globalisation
Sklair - media more powerful than nations
Klein - less cultural diversity (homogeneity )
But it’s a two way process
Global culture - Marxist
Adorno - must have products, commodity fetishism
Frankfurt school - mass culture creates , passive working class, cap ideology , dull mind set
Global culture - noe-Marxist
To simplistic to be a single culture -
Cap have dominant culture ( hegemony), that tolerants other cultures
Global culture - functionalist
durkheim - social glue , same Norma’s and values “ a collective conscious of society “
Global culture - postmodernist
Culture is DIVERSE
They reject the idea culture helps unify people
Hall - fragmented identity ( taken from different cultures )
Stranti - effect by other factors (class, ethnicity)
Global culture - interactionalist
Individual opinion
Goffman the unspoken rules in society
Global culture -Feminism
They link what Marxist say but to the patriarchy
Pop culture stems into gender roles
mcrobbie - magazines promoted fem roles (outdated now)
Social roles -
Primary socialisation - family, young age
Secondary socialisation - school, work, later life
Secondary socialisation
Education-
func ,promotes census, helps fit in
Marx , bowles : hidden curriculum
Peer group- Influences
Religion - provides
Media - shapes
Workspace - learning
What’s status or a role
The behaviour and actions of people
Can be prescribed or achieved
The social constructs
Class, sexuality, gender , disability , nationality , ethnicity, age
Theories on secondary socialisation - func
Durkheim - constraints on peoples behaviour
Social control, consensus
parson - “personality factor” influenced by family , copy same sex family member to feel like they fit in
Conformity
Theories on secondary socialisation - Marx
Socialise the working class
Agree with func on conformity, but to oppress working class, and learn authority is normal
Religion - distracts social inferiority
Theories on secondary socialisation - fem
Pass on patriarchy ideas
oakley - family socialise children t
Into gender roles
lib fem - argue change on the way children are raised
rad fem - argue revolutionary changes to combat patriarchy
Theories on secondary socialisation - inter
Two way process
mead - develop sense of self through play, agreed with func, but thought accepting attitudes of others could only be taken so far
Other factors ( your background)
Theories on secondary socialisation - Post
Personal choice, people can resist
Lyotard - choose what to believe
And there’s so single truth
Identities definition-
Way you see yourself and how others see you
Things you do
What do Marx think identities are formed
Class position
Consumption
Norms and values that are maintained
Identities - functionalist
Social institutions- talents
merton - manifest functions ( intended outcomes) lantern functions ( unintended outcomes)
Identities - fem
Patriarchal structure
Follow gender stereotypes, to make identity
Identities - post
Draw on different cultures
Consumption
Critics - what if no money?
Identities - theories
goffman - front and back stage
cooley - looking glasss self
labels - stigmatised becker you become your labels
Class identities -
Upper
Middle
Working
Under
Class identities - effects
Different class= different values
Middle encouraged to plan for future
Work encouraged to live in moment
Certain values keep people poor
Class identities - negatively
Upper greedy,
Pity to working class
Class identities - cultural cap
bourdieu - how to fit in a class
Economic - money
Social- friends
Cultural - knowledge
Class identities - importance
** new rights ** - divisions have lessons
marshall working traditional class lessons
bradley - other factors
What’s gender?
Not about biological, about how you present a girl and boy
Gender in primary socialisation
FAMILY
- Oakley -
manipulation.. encourage normal behaviour
Canalisation.. Chanel interest in a direction
Verbal appellation.. language, to define what’s appropriate
Different activities.. different jobs in the house
Gender secondary socialisation
SCHOOL
- treated differently , assumption made
-subject choice
MEDIA
-films
-Mcrobbie magazine reinforce conventional fem
Gender, employment
Opportunities and experience different
Hard to reach top levels of traditionally ‘male’ professions
Gender, the change in feminine
More girls want to work 1970 more motherhood, 1990 work ambitions
Ethnic identity’s
Biological features, culture and socialisation
Change by generation
Ethnic identities - primary socialised
Rose Mary - family important
roger Ballard - children act different depending on environment
Ethnic identities - secondary socialisation
Gillborn - labelled a problem by teachers
Young African influenced by pop culture
Ethnic identities- response to racism
No point in blending in, hold onto ethnic identity
Ethnic identities- new ones emerging
Stuart hall - varied, different kinds
.hybrid
. Changing less strong ethnic groups
. Dynamic
National identities
Feeling of belonging to a country
Durkheim - very important
Can *exclude hybrid * identities
National identities- products of socialisation
Schudson - socialised into a national culture
Hidden curriculum
hall - history talked about
National identities - traditional national identities on decline
Big businesses
Mainstream
Britain is multi-ethnic
National identities - new identities
New identity formed
New multicultural identity
New rascist
Sexuality identity’s - what does society do to these?
Try’s to control them
Time, society changes whats acceptable
Sexuality and identity- who wants to control it?
Religion- Passed on ** ideology **
Functionalist - control for stable family
New rights - moral decline, threatens ** order**
Sexuality and identity- media’s influence
No gay representation
Aids , prejudice
More on it now
Sexuality and identity - represented in law
Used to illegal for gays to give consent. Age is now 21
Can’t promote homosexuality in school
Equality, illegal to **discriminate **
Age - how does it vary
Over time
Children different from adults
Law divided
braddely other factors
Age- media and its stereotypes
Influence social attitudes
Ageist products
*Biggs * - in tv programs older people controlling or forceful
Children innocent
Age - Marxist opinion
capitalist influence age
Working age
Phillipson - being old is a burden as it is stigmatised
age - the life expectancy
Giddens - effects on family, children know there grandparents
**postmodernist ** - the ability to mask age through surgery, magazines portraying youthful age
Disability- the difference between non-disabled
Their in a category
Stigmatised
The ability to access the same stuff
Disability- the prejudice
Weaker, dependent
Scott blind people needing sighted people
Everyone’s relent on a person ** at least once**
Disability - its representation
Roles in tv or for comedy or pity
Reinterpret, can only create negative perception as there ideas are already formed
