culture and ethics

Question 1

Refers to the cumulative deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by aa group of people in the course of generations through individuals and group striving.

Answer 1

CULTURE

Question 2

Culture shapes one’s?

Answer 2

Moral or Ethical Standards

Question 3

the moral beliefs and practices of people are greatly influenced by the _____ that surrounds them.

Answer 3

environment

Question 4

how is IS MORALITY RELATIVE OR OBJECTIVE?

Answer 4

Given such phenomena, can we conclude that morality is relative, that is, what is right varies from one person to another or from one culture to another?
Or

is morality objective, that is, what is right is based on a universal principle that applies to all people regardless of culture, religion, or ideology?

Question 5

It claims that there are no valid moral principles at all (or at least we cannot know whether there are any)

Answer 5

ETHICAL SKEPTICISM

Question 6

It asserts that there are universally valid moral principles binding on all people

Answer 6

ETHICAL OBJECTIVISM

Question 7

The view which holds that all moral principles are valid relative to a particular society or individual.

Answer 7

ETHICAL RELATIVISM

Question 8

fill the blank:
According to the ______:
the rightness or wrongness of an act depends on the _______ or the moral inclinations of the individual, and ______ by which differing rules or inclinations can be judged.

Answer 8

relativist perspective; moral norms of society; no absolute standard exists

Question 9

two forms of ethical relativism:

Answer 9

cultural ethical relativism individual ethical relativism.

Question 10

The rightness or wrongness of an act is based on the cultural or social norms of the people
in which it is done and judged.

this is also known as?

Answer 10

CULTURAL ETHICAL RELATIVISM/ Ethical Conventionalism

Question 11

Conventionalism is
different from subjectivism since it recognizes______

Answer 11

the social nature of morality.

Question 12

It claims that there are valid moral principles
justified by virtue of their cultural acceptance

Answer 12

CULTURAL ETHICAL RELATIVISM

Question 13

the rightness or wrongness of an action lies
on the individual’s own commitments.

this is also known as?

Answer 13

INDIVIDUAL ETHICAL RELATIVISM/ Ethical Subjectivism

Question 14

according to him, Man is the measure of all things

Answer 14

Protagoras

Question 15

TRUE OR FALSE:

Individual ethical relativism holds that the basis of what is morally right or wrong ultimately lies on the persons own standard, and there is objective standard outside the individual’s perspective by which his/her moral belief or standard can be judged.

Answer 15

FALSE: there is NO objective standard outside the individual’s perspective by which his/her moral belief or standard can be judged.

Question 16

THE ATTRACTIONS OF ETHICAL RELATIVISM

Answer 16

dependency, diversity, toleration

Question 17

is premised on the factual or empirical claim that moral beliefs and moral rules vary from culture to culture.

Answer 17

DIVERSITY ARGUMENT

Question 18

allow infanticide which
is condemnable to most cultures;

Answer 18

Eskimo customs

Question 19

TRUE OR FALSE: morality is relative.

Answer 19

true

Question 20

lies on the view that moral beliefs are true or valid only relative to certain groups.

Answer 20

DEPENDENCY ARGUMENT

Question 21

According to him (1999, 29), “morality does not exist on a _____ rather, what is considered morally right or wrong must be seen in a context, depending on the goals, wants, beliefs, history, and environment of the society in question.”

Answer 21

Pojman; vacuum

Question 22

true of false; we cannot see things from a dependent, cultural view point. We are simply culturally determined creatures.

Answer 22

FALSE; we cannot see things from an independent, non cultural

Question 23

TRUE OR FALSE: Every morality depends on a level of social acceptance.

Answer 23

TRUE

Question 24

also justified by the view that acknowledging the differences among various societies in terms of their moral beliefs and practices leads to respect, social harmony, and peaceful co-existence among the different cultural, religious, and social groups.

Answer 24

TOLERATION ARGUMENT

Question 25

takes the argument a step further, arguing that the relativistic outlook she champions can be positively beneficial in helping to combat bigotry, racism, chauvinism, and other forms of prejudice.

Answer 25

Ruth Benedict