Culture and Diversity

Question 1

External Culture

Answer 1

objects and physical space people use to express shared culture (architecture, food, clothing, technology, art)

Question 2

Internal Culture

Answer 2

shared patterns of thought and social behavior that exist as collective beliefs and customs (values, family structures, social roles, beliefs, expectations, worldview)

Greater influence on how kids learn

Question 3

Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Theory

Answer 3

Key differences in cultural differences grouped by:

Individualism vs Collectivism
Uncertainty Avoidance Index
Power Distance Index
Long term vs short term orientation
Indulgence vs restraint
masculinity vs femininity

Question 4

Individualism vs Collectivism

Answer 4

think in terms of “I” or “Me”

Question 5

Uncertainty Avoidance Index

Answer 5

the degree to which people are comfortable with uncertainty

Question 6

Power Distance Index

Answer 6

extent to which people expect hierarchy vs equality

Question 7

Long term vs short term orientation

Answer 7

do you preserve cultural values or push for change

Question 8

Indulgence vs restraint

Answer 8

does culture promote leisure and self gratification

Question 9

masculinity vs femininity

Answer 9

masculinity: assertive, achievement, material success
femininity: modesty, cooperation, caring for others

Question 10

Individualist Culture

Answer 10

Value individual success over group success; value freedom, individual initiative, motivation, stand out from a group, do not be mediocre

Question 11

Collectivist Culture

Answer 11

value group harmony and social acceptance, do not stand out, education is means to social acceptance

Question 12

Plyler vs Doe 1982

Answer 12

School districts cannot exclude students based on immigration status

Question 13

Push/Pull Factors

Answer 13

Push factors: Unattractive things that push someone out of their home country
Pull factors: What attracts people to the new country

Question 14

Transnational Migration

Answer 14

The practice of maintaining close ties to country of origin while being in their current country. AKA sending money home, visiting home country on summer breaks, planning to return to home country after graduating, etc.

Question 15

Generation 1.5

Answer 15

people who immigrated to the US in their late childhood or early teen years… so they are neither 1st generation (adults) or second (born in us). Lack citizenship and are vulnerable to being deported, lag in acquisition of academic language. Usually have a good grasp on social and pragmatic communication and can infer well.

Question 16

Acculturation (culture)

Answer 16

adaptation of a person or group to another culture

Question 17

Assimilation (culture)

Answer 17

when the individual adapts fully to new culture and abandons first culture

Question 18

Accommodation (culture)

Answer 18

Accepts certain elements of new culture but retains many elements of first culture

Question 19

Biculturalism

Answer 19

when a person functions fully and simultaneously in both cultures… balance.

Question 20

Cultural Universal

Answer 20

Aspects f culture that are shared by all societies… documented 70 (fire making, incest taboos, inheritance)

Question 21

Cultural Generalities

Answer 21

Features that occur in many cultures, but not all (nuclear families )

Question 22

Cultural Particulars

Answer 22

unique to specific culture (recipes)

Question 23

cultural diffusion

Answer 23

spreading of ones culture to others (recipes, language in South West)

Question 24

Culture shock

Answer 24

confusion and alienation you feel when first living, studying, etc in a new culture.
Adler’s model:
Contact : honeymoon stage… excited
disintegration: focuses on differences, feels alienated
reintegration: rejects new culture
autonomy: relax previous defensiveness
independence: comfortable in new setting

Question 25

Adjustment of Newcomers

Answer 25

People adapt to new culture at different rates,…factors that help: language proficiency, personality type, cultural intelligence, social and family support networks, emotional intelligence, response of host community

Question 26

Cultural Congruence

Answer 26

classroom experiences and instruction reinforce home cultures. Is a bridge between first and learned cultures. This is best practice, and you should incorporate content from cultures, adapt teaching techniques to reflect student learning preferences or customs.

Question 27

Cultural Pluralism

Answer 27

several distinct cultures coexist in society without impetus towards assimilation- not something to overcome, but a resource.

Question 28

Ethnocentrism

Answer 28

Belief that One culture is superior to another

Question 29

Cultural relativism

Answer 29

every culture has value

Question 30

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 30

Attribute the negative behavior of others to a personality flaw, while seeing your own negative behavior as situational