Culture and Diversity Flashcards
External Culture
objects and physical space people use to express shared culture (architecture, food, clothing, technology, art)
Internal Culture
shared patterns of thought and social behavior that exist as collective beliefs and customs (values, family structures, social roles, beliefs, expectations, worldview)
Greater influence on how kids learn
Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Theory
Key differences in cultural differences grouped by:
Individualism vs Collectivism Uncertainty Avoidance Index Power Distance Index Long term vs short term orientation Indulgence vs restraint masculinity vs femininity
Individualism vs Collectivism
think in terms of “I” or “Me”
Uncertainty Avoidance Index
the degree to which people are comfortable with uncertainty
Power Distance Index
extent to which people expect hierarchy vs equality
Long term vs short term orientation
do you preserve cultural values or push for change
Indulgence vs restraint
does culture promote leisure and self gratification
masculinity vs femininity
masculinity: assertive, achievement, material success
femininity: modesty, cooperation, caring for others
Individualist Culture
Value individual success over group success; value freedom, individual initiative, motivation, stand out from a group, do not be mediocre
Collectivist Culture
value group harmony and social acceptance, do not stand out, education is means to social acceptance
Plyler vs Doe 1982
School districts cannot exclude students based on immigration status
Push/Pull Factors
Push factors: Unattractive things that push someone out of their home country
Pull factors: What attracts people to the new country
Transnational Migration
The practice of maintaining close ties to country of origin while being in their current country. AKA sending money home, visiting home country on summer breaks, planning to return to home country after graduating, etc.
Generation 1.5
people who immigrated to the US in their late childhood or early teen years… so they are neither 1st generation (adults) or second (born in us). Lack citizenship and are vulnerable to being deported, lag in acquisition of academic language. Usually have a good grasp on social and pragmatic communication and can infer well.
Acculturation (culture)
adaptation of a person or group to another culture
Assimilation (culture)
when the individual adapts fully to new culture and abandons first culture
Accommodation (culture)
Accepts certain elements of new culture but retains many elements of first culture
Biculturalism
when a person functions fully and simultaneously in both cultures… balance.
Cultural Universal
Aspects f culture that are shared by all societies… documented 70 (fire making, incest taboos, inheritance)
Cultural Generalities
Features that occur in many cultures, but not all (nuclear families )
Cultural Particulars
unique to specific culture (recipes)
cultural diffusion
spreading of ones culture to others (recipes, language in South West)
Culture shock
confusion and alienation you feel when first living, studying, etc in a new culture.
Adler’s model:
Contact : honeymoon stage… excited
disintegration: focuses on differences, feels alienated
reintegration: rejects new culture
autonomy: relax previous defensiveness
independence: comfortable in new setting
Adjustment of Newcomers
People adapt to new culture at different rates,…factors that help: language proficiency, personality type, cultural intelligence, social and family support networks, emotional intelligence, response of host community
Cultural Congruence
classroom experiences and instruction reinforce home cultures. Is a bridge between first and learned cultures. This is best practice, and you should incorporate content from cultures, adapt teaching techniques to reflect student learning preferences or customs.
Cultural Pluralism
several distinct cultures coexist in society without impetus towards assimilation- not something to overcome, but a resource.
Ethnocentrism
Belief that One culture is superior to another
Cultural relativism
every culture has value
Fundamental attribution error
Attribute the negative behavior of others to a personality flaw, while seeing your own negative behavior as situational
