Culture

Question 1

Culture

Answer 1

the whole system of behaviour and beliefs of a society or group, these can involve things such as

• language
• faith
• morals
• customs and traditions

Question 2

Subcultures

Answer 2

subcultures can either be

• a culture within a culture
• a group who share distinctive norms and values which differ from a wider culture
  for

for example - emos, goth, punk

• some subcultures develop in opposition to authority

Question 3

Key study :
Anti School Subcultures - Paul Willis -
learning to labour

Answer 3

• Willis’s study was on an all boys school in - Birmingham
• he focused on the working class boys
• The working class boys messed around and did not take school seriously because they knew they were going to end up working in factories like their dads
• They saw themselves as school failures but turned this around to be a good thing
• Willis did a follow up story when the boys were working in the factory and found that very little had changed
• They were still messing around and finding ways to entertain themselves
• In a way school had perfectly prepared them for work life

Question 4

Four Features of subcultures -
Paul Hodkinson (2002)

Answer 4

1. Commitment - the members must be dedicated to the extent that the subculture influences the pattern for everyday life for the individual involved

For example - shopping routines and going out habits

2. Identity - members must share a sense of connection with group insiders. This separates insiders from outsiders and gives them a sense of who they are
3. Distinctiveness - a set of shared tastes, ideals and values which is different from those of other groups and consistent within the group
4. Autonomy - subcultures are independent and self governing. This means they do not rely on mainstream culture to produce what us needed for the group to function