Culture

Question 1

culture

Answer 1

-consists of the values, beliefs, systems of language, communication, and practices that people share in common
-material & nonmaterial

Question 2

cultural traits

Answer 2

-individual tools, actions, or beliefs related to a particular situation
-ex: saying hello to people you know, waving, using a fork, wearing helmet during football

Question 3

cultural complex

Answer 3

-cluster of interrelated culture traits
-ex: football (helmets, cleats, mouthguards, pads)

Question 4

material culture

Answer 4

-material: tangible; things made in society
-ex: art, technology, food, clothes, architecture, tools, toys, books

Question 5

nonmaterial culture

Answer 5

-nonmaterial: nontangible; ideas made in society
-ex: dress codes, etiquette, rituals, business and social transactions, religion, laws, punishments, values, and ethics

Question 6

ideal culture

Answer 6

Ideal culture consists of peoples ideal values and standards. These are the behaviors we profess to hold. ex: freedom(everyone has the ability to express their ideas)

Question 7

real culture

Answer 7

Real culture consists of values and standards that we actually hold. ex: lack of freedom (people are put down for expressing their ideas)

Question 8

ideal and real culture example (para)

Answer 8

As Americans, we push the idea of freedom. Everyone has the right to express their opinions and individual ideas. But when those opinions and ideas are not in line with ours, we are quick to shut them down. (similar in inconvenient facts)

Question 9

do sociologist study nonmaterial or material culture more? (para)

Answer 9

-While both are important for sociologists to dissect and understand, I think sociologists focus more on nonmaterial culture.

-Sociology is the study of human interactions. -Nonmaterial culture encompasses the ideas made in a society.

-These are the business and social interactions, the dress codes, the rituals, the values, etc.

-By understanding why cultures do this, it makes it easier to understand why sets of humans make certain things.

-It helps understand the architecture in Japan, the art in Italy, the food in France, and the clothing of the United States.

-While material culture is just as important as nonmaterial culture, nonmaterial culture can give us insight on why material cultures have come about.

Question 10

values

Answer 10

-values: broad ideas of right and wrong
-ex: freedom, equality, individualism

Question 11

norms

Answer 11

-norms: define what is right and wrong
-ex: opening doors for others out of courtesy, saying hello to people you know, giving up seat for an elder

Question 12

similarities of values and norms

Answer 12

-both surround behaviors of what is right and wrong
-values provide justification for norms

Question 13

differences of values and norms

Answer 13

-value = vague, room for interpretation
-norm = definite, no room for interpretation

Question 14

folkway

Answer 14

-everyday custom, no legal repercussions, subject for gossip, lack of moral overtones
-ex: covering when you cough, gender asigned clothes

Question 15

mores

Answer 15

mores: strongly held norms, legal repercussions, moral and ethical connotations
ex: respect for life, respect for private property

Question 16

taboo

Answer 16

-usually unmentionably, extremely offensive, subject to ridicule and banishment, possible legal repercussions
-ex: incest, cannabolism

Question 17

law

Answer 17

-formal and standardized norms enforced by legislative bodies, legal repercussions, mores and folkways can be sources
-ex: trespassing (respect for private property - mores), assault, murder (respect for life - mores), smoking in public

Question 18

how geography affects culture

Answer 18

it meshes it, melting pot, cultural diffusion, acculturation

Question 19

cultural universals

Answer 19

education, government, transportation, religion

Question 20

subculture

Answer 20

-subcultures: groups within a culture with distinctions from larger group
-ex: cosplay, jocks

Question 21

counterculture

Answer 21

-group within culture with distinctions opposing
- ex: hippies

Question 22

ethnocentrism

Answer 22

-everything is compared and scaled to one’s own culture
-thinks own cutie is best and passes judgments on whether different cultures are right or wrong

Question 23

cultural relativism

Answer 23

-judge other cultures not by own standards, but by standards of other culture (anthropology)
-sociological imagination

Question 24

difference of ethnocentrism and cultural relativism (para)

Answer 24

-Ethnocentrism is the comparison of another culture to one’s own culture.
-This leads to judgment on other religions to be right or wrong.
-Cultural relativism is the comparison of a region to the standards of the other religion.
-This uses the sociological imagination and is similar to anthropology.

Question 25

cultural lag

Answer 25

-cultural lag: materials change faster than our values (nonmaterials)
-ex: technology.computers, vaccines, medical treatments