Cultural Variations In Attachment Flashcards
What did bowlby believe?
attachments were innate - suggesting that they should be similar in infants for every culture
What to research use to examine different attachments between cultures?
classifications from ainsworth’s strange situation
define individualistic cultures
They value independence
importance of the individual
define collectivist cultures
emphasise importance of group
depend on each other rather than separate individuals
define meta analysis
combines results from several studies on the same topic
using secondary data
Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg aim
To compare patterns of attachment type both between and within cultures
Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg year
1988
Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg participants + studies
32 studies used strange situation
Taken from 8 countries
Total of 1,990 children
Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg Procedure
Data was combined + weighted for sample
Meta analysis was carried out
Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg Results
common classification all countries - SECURE (TYPE B)
Varied from 75% in GB + 50% in China
Least common attachment type - INSECURE RESISTANT
Ranged from 3% in GB + 30% in Israel
INSECURE AVOIDANT mostly seen in Germany
Least common in Japan
What were Ainsworths findings in the UK?
secure = 60-70%
insecure avoidant = 20-25%
insecure resistant = 3%
What country did Simonella et al study?
Italy
What was Simonella aim?
To study proportions of attachment types
Simonella method
assessed 76 12 months old using strange situation
What country did Jin et al study?
Korea
