Cultural variations in attachment

Question 1

Outline Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg’s study

Answer 1

• located 32 studies of attachment in 8 different countries
• 15 were in the USA
• the 32 studies yielded results for 1,990 children, data was meta-analysed

Question 2

What were their findings

Answer 2

• secure-attachment was the most common classification
• from 75% in Britain to 50% in china (SA)
• 3% in Britain to 30% in Israel (IRA)
• IAA was most commonly observed in Germany and Japan

Question 3

An Italian study was also conducted by _________ __ __

Answer 3

• Simonella et al

Question 4

A Korean study was conducted by ___ __ __

Answer 4

• Jin et al

Question 5

What did Simonella et al find

Answer 5

• researchers assessed 76 12 month olds using the strange situation
• 50% were secure, 36% were insecure- avoidant
• researchers concluded this was because mothers work very long hours and pay for professional childcare

Question 6

Secure attachment is seen to be the most common one, what could this show about Bowlby’s study

Answer 6

• strengthen it’s validity as it is seen to be a universal phenomena meaning this type of attachment is innate

Question 7

Give a strength of the studies conducted by Van Ijsendoorn and Kroonenberg as well as simonella et al

Answer 7

• large sample size
• high external validity
• high internal validity by reducing the impact of anomalous results

Question 8

Give a criticism of the method of assessment

Answer 8

• it is biased
• designed by an American researcher and based on a British Theory
• imposed etic as a lack of separation anxiety would be seen as independent in Germany rather than a bad thing