cultural variations in attachment

Question 1

who are the main men MY DAWG!

Answer 1

• Van Ijendoorn

- Kroonenberg

Question 2

explain the procedure of the Ijendoorn and Kroonenberg study?

Answer 2

• completed a meta analysis on 32 studies from 8 countries using Ainsworth’s strange situation
• attachment types assessed for 2,000 babies
• studied variations of attachment types between countries NOT within

Question 3

explain the findings from the Ijendoorn and Kroonenberg study?

Answer 3

• in all countries secure was most common classification.
• resistant was least common ranging from 3% in Britain to 30% in Israel. those that were the least secure had highest levels of resistance and were not western countries eg. Israel with 30%

Question 4

explain another study of cultural variation?

Answer 4

• Italian Study
• Simonella in Italy assessed 80 1 yr olds using SS
• 50% secure, 36% avoidant
• this low rate of secure has been found in many studies
• suggests due to number of mothers with young children w/ long hours is increasing= childcare
• shows cultural changes impact attachment types

Question 5

evaluate large samples?

Answer 5

STRENGTH

• data taken from 8 different countries and such large quantity of 32 studies+italian study of 80
• overall sample size increases internal validity by reducing impact of anomalies

Question 6

evaluate samples that are unrepresentative of culture?

Answer 6

WEAKNESS

• Ijendoorn and Kroonenberg study studied different countries not cultures like they claimed they would do
• within countries there are many different cultures w/ different child rearing practices
• supported by Ijendoorn who found that in urban Japan results were similar to the west, whereas in rural had more resistant
• comparisons between countries may have little meaning.

Question 7

evaluate how method assessment is biased?

Answer 7

WEAKNESS

• SS designed by American researcher based on Bowlby’s british theory
• poses the question if Anglo-Amercian theories can be applied to other cultures
• shows imposed etic
• in other countries lack of separation anxiety Eg. Germany can be seen as independence rather than neglect

Question 8

gives stats for the 3 most/least extreme attachment types in meta analysis study?

Answer 8

• most secure: Great Britain
• most avoidant: Germany
• most resistant: Japan
• least secure: China
• least avoidant: Japan
• least resistant: Great Britain