CULTURAL VARIATIONS IN ATTACHMENT

Question 1

Burger for secure attachment (CULTURAL VARIATIONS
IN ATTACHMENT)

Answer 1

B: Secure attachment is the most common type across cultures.
U: Found as the dominant form of attachment in all countries studied.
R: Van IJzendoorn and Kroonenberg’s meta-analysis showed that secure attachment prevailed in eight countries.
G: Strength: Consistency in secure attachment supports a universal attachment behavior.
E: Highlights the reliability of secure attachment across cultures.
R: Weakness: Meta-analysis showed more variation within countries than between, suggesting local cultural influences.

Question 2

Burger for insecure avoidant attachment (CULTURAL VARIATIONS
IN ATTACHMENT)

Answer 2

B: Insecure avoidant attachment shows notable cultural differences.
U: This type is more common in Western cultures and less common in collectivist cultures.
R: Van IJzendoorn found high rates of avoidant attachment in Germany but none in Japan (Grossmann & Grossmann; Takahashi).
G: Strength: Reflects cultural parenting styles, with independence valued in Germany.
E: Shows how attachment behaviors vary based on cultural norms.
R: Weakness: Attachment assessments may impose Western standards on other cultures (imposed etic).

Question 3

Burger for insecure resistant attachment (CULTURAL VARIATIONS
IN ATTACHMENT)

Answer 3

B: Insecure resistant attachment has cultural variation, especially in non-Western societies.
U: More prevalent in collectivist cultures where close family bonds are emphasized.
R: Takahashi found higher rates of insecure resistant attachment in Japan, consistent with cultural norms of closeness.
G: Strength: Cultural context explains the frequency of resistant attachment in certain cultures.
E: Demonstrates how attachment types reflect societal values.
R: Weakness: Cross-cultural comparisons can be biased, as attachment theory is largely Western (Rothbaum).