cultural variations in attachment

Question 1

define cultural variations

Answer 1

the differences in norms and values that exist between people in different groups

Question 2

what was the aim of Van Ijzendoorn’s study

Answer 2

to look at the proportions of secure, insecure avoidant, insecure resistant attachment across countries to assess cultural variation

Question 3

state the number of participants in Van Ijzendoorn’s study

Answer 3

1900 children from 8 countries involved in 32 studies of attachment

Question 4

what was the procedure of Van Ijzendoorn’s study

Answer 4

reviewed the 32 studies and meta analysed the results

(results of each study were combined and analysed with each study giving a weighting depending on sample size)

Question 5

what were the results of Van Ijzendoorn’s study

Answer 5

secure attachment was the most common attachment type

50% in China
75% in Great Britain

insecure avoidant was most common in Germany

insecure resistant was most common in Israel

individualist countries were simil.ar to ainsworth’s study for insecure resistant attachments (14%) but collectivist cultures (china, japan, israel) were above 25%

Question 6

in Van Ijzendoorn’s study where was variation greatest

Answer 6

within cultures

In the USA one study showed 46% secure attachments but another showed 90%

Question 7

who did the study on cultural variations in Italy

Answer 7

Simonelli

Question 8

what was the aim of Simonelli’s study

Answer 8

whether the proportion of babies if different attachment types matches those from previous studies

Question 9

how many participants did Simonelli’s study use and how old were they

Answer 9

76 babies aged 12 months

Question 10

what was the procedure of Simonelli’s study

Answer 10

strange situation

Question 11

what were the results of Simonelli’s study

Answer 11

50% secure
36% insecure avoidant
lower rate of S and higher rate of IA had been found previously

Question 12

what was the conclusion of Simonelli’s study

Answer 12

due to cultural change with mothers going back to work, working long hours, and therefore using childcare

Question 13

who did the study on cultural variations in Korea

Answer 13

Mi Kyoung Jin et al

Question 14

what was the aim of Mi Kyoung Jin et al study

Answer 14

to compare attachments in Korea to other studies

Question 15

how many participants were there in Mi Kyoung Jin et al study

Answer 15

87 babies unsure of age

Question 16

what was the procedure used in Mi Kyoung Jin et al study

Answer 16

strange situation was used

Question 17

what was the results of the Mi Kyoung Jin et al study

Answer 17

the overall proportion of secure and insecure attachments was similar to other studies

1/87 was classified as insecure avoidant similar to Japan

Question 18

what was the conclusion of Mi Kyoung Jin et al study

Answer 18

child rearing styles are similar