Cultural variation Flashcards
What is an individualistic culture?
A culture that emphasizes personal independence and achievement at the expense of group goals, resulting in a strong sense of competition.
Examples include the UK, Germany, USA, and Australia.
What is a collectivist culture?
A culture that emphasizes family and work goals above individual needs and desires, with a high degree of interdependence between people.
Examples include China, Korea, and Japan.
What is culture?
The shared beliefs and values of members of a particular society.
What are cultural variations?
Differences in child-rearing practices across cultures.
What characterizes collectivist cultures?
Group effort, interpersonal development, and less antisocial behavior.
What characterizes individualist cultures?
Personal achievement, praising initiative and independence, and more antisocial behavior.
What is a meta-analysis?
The process of combining findings from multiple studies on a particular topic to produce an overall statistical conclusion (the effect size).
What was the aim of Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg (1988)?
To look at proportions of secure, insecure-avoidant, and insecure-resistant attachment across a range of countries to assess cultural variation.
What is an advantage of indigenous psychologists in research?
They come from the same cultural background as the participants, which can avoid potential problems such as misunderstandings in language or communication. This enhances validity.
What is a counterpoint regarding cross-cultural research?
Outsiders studying a culture may have their data affected by cultural differences, as seen in the study by Morelli and Tronick (1991) on the Efe of Zaire.
