Cultural Vaiations In Attachemtn

Question 1

What is cultural variation

Answer 1

The differences in norms and values that exists between people in different and cultures

Question 2

Who studied cultural variation in the different types of attachment

Answer 2

Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg

Question 3

What was the procedure of I&K ‘s research on cultural variation for attachment types

Answer 3

.located 32 studies of attachment studies wher strange situation has been used
.conducted 8 countries
.1,990 children
.the 32 studies were meta analysed (combined and analysed together)

Question 4

What were the findings of I&K ‘s research on cultural variation for attachment types

Answer 4

.wide variation between countries
.secure attachment was the most common in all countries
.individualist culture rates of insecure-resistant attachment was all under 14%
.collectivist culture rates of insecure-resistant attachment was above 25%

Question 5

What 2 other cultures did studies on cultural variations

Answer 5

Italian and Korean

Question 6

What was the italian study

Answer 6

To see whether the proportions of babies of different attachment types still matches those fund i previous studies

Question 7

What were the findings of the Italian study n cultural variation

Answer 7

50% secure (lower rate) with 36% insecure-avoidant (higher rate)

Question 8

What do researchers suggest about the findings of the Italian study done on cultural variation in attachment

Answer 8

It is because of the increasing number of mothers of very young children that work long hours and use profession childcare. This shows that attachment types aren’t static but vary in line of cultural change

Question 9

What is the Korean study of cultural variation of attachment types

Answer 9

Compare the proportions of attachment types I’m Korea to other studies

Question 10

What were the findings from the Korean study on cultural variation on attachment types

Answer 10

Proportion of secure and insecure was similar to those in most countries, however more of those classified as insecurely attached were resistant rather than avoidant

Question 11

Which country does Korea have similar results of attachment with

Answer 11

Japan

Question 12

Why do researchers thin that japan and korea have similar attachment type proportions

Answer 12

Because they have quite similar child rearing styles and upbringing styles

Question 13

What was an overall conclusion found from the several studies on cultural variation

Answer 13

.secure attachment seems to be the norm (supports Bowlbys idea that attachment is innate and universal)
.also clearly shows that cultural practices still have an influence on attachment types

Question 14

What is a strength (with counterpoint) of cultural variation research

Answer 14

Most of the studies were conducted by indigenous psychologists (those who are of the same culture as their participants ) and this means that potential problems in cross cultural research can be avoided. Visa is also reduced as there is a reduced chance of stereotyping, enhanced validity due to better communication

Question 15

What is the counterpoint of the strength of indigenous research

Answer 15

It’s not tru for all cross cultural researches such as the researchers for Americas studie were from outside of America and their data nay have been affected by difficulties in gathering data from participants from outside their own cultures and that means that the data room some countries may have been affected by bias and difficulties in communication

Question 16

What is one limitation of cross cultural research in attachment type research

Answer 16

Impact of confounding variables on findings. Certain sample characteristics such as poverty, social class and so on can confound results. This means that looking at attachment behaviours in different non matched studies conducted in different countries may not tell is anything about cross cultural patterns of attachment

Question 17

What is a further limitation of cross cultural research in attachment type research

Answer 17

Impose a test designed designed for one cultural context to another context. Cross cultural psych includes emic (cultural uniqueness) and etic (cross-cultural universality). Imposed etic occurs when we assume n idea that works in one culture will work in another. This means that the behaviours measured by the strange situation may not have the same meanings in different cultures and is meaningless to compare them

Question 18

What was the percentage of babies in Britain that have secure attachment

Answer 18

75%

Question 19

What was the percentage of babies in china that have secure attachment

Answer 19

50%

Question 20

What did simolleni find in her Italian study on attachment types

Answer 20

50% were secure and 36% insecure avoidant

Question 21

What were kyoungs findings from her study on attachment types

Answer 21

proportions of insecure and secure babies were similar to those in most countries and most of those classified as insecurely attached were resistant and only one baby was avoidant