Animal Studies Of Attachment

Question 1

Who were the psychologists that did animal studies

Answer 1

Lorenzs and Harlow

Question 2

What were the 2 types of things Lorenz studied

Answer 2

Imprinting and sexual imprinting

Question 3

When and what did Lorenz first observe

Answer 3

The phenomenon of imprinting when he was a child

Question 4

What did Lorenz use for his study and where did he get it from

Answer 4

He used geese which he got from his neighbour

Question 5

What type of experiment did lorenz set up

Answer 5

Classical experiment in which he divided a large clutch of goos eggs randomly

Question 6

What was the procedure of Lorenzs experiment

Answer 6

He randomly divided the goose eggs. Half were hatched with the mother goose in their natural environment. The other half wold hatch in an incubator and see Lorenz as the first moving object

Question 7

What were Lorenzs findings

Answer 7

The incubator group followed Lorenz wherever he went however the control group would follow her, even when the groups were mixed up

Question 8

What was the phenomenon of Lorenzs study’s findings

Answer 8

This phenomenon is called imprinting

Question 9

Describe the phenomenon of imprinting

Answer 9

Whereby the bird species that’s re mobile from birth attach to and follow the first moving object they see

Question 10

What did Lorenz identify in terms of imprinting

Answer 10

He identified that there is a critical period in which imprinting need to take place

Question 11

What did Lorenz say about if imprinting doesn’t occur within a certain time

Answer 11

They won’t form an attachment to a mother figure

Question 12

What was something else that Lorenz investigated

Answer 12

Sexual imprinting

Question 13

What is sexual imprinting

Answer 13

The relationship between imprinting and adult male preferences

Question 14

What did he observe with the birds in relation to humans

Answer 14

They would often later display courtship behaviour towards humans

Question 15

What animal did Lorenz use as his case study for sexual imprinting

Answer 15

Peacocks developing direct courtship towards giant tortoises which lead to the conclusion that the peacock has undergone sexual imprinting

Question 16

What is a strength of Lorenzs research

Answer 16

Existence of support for the concept of imprinting which was done by regaling and vallortigara which did a study that supported the view that young animals were born with an innate mechanism to imprint on a moving object present in the critical period of development

Question 17

What is a limitation of Lorenzs study

Answer 17

There is a lack of generalisability due to the different systems between mammals and birds as mammalian attachment system is a lot more complex than of birds which means it isn’t that appropriate to generalise Lorenz ideas to humans

Question 18

What did Harlow research

Answer 18

Understanding attachment with monkeys and the effects of neglection and deprivation

Question 19

What are the 3 areas he studied

Answer 19

.the importance of contact comfort
.maternally deprived moneys as adults
.the critical period for normal development

Question 20

What did Harlow observe

Answer 20

That newborns kept alone in a bare cage often died but they usually survived if they have something soft to cuddle with

Question 21

What was the procedure of Harlow study

Answer 21

He reared 16 baby monkeys with 2 wired models mothers and in one condition milk was dispersed

Question 22

What was the finding of harlows research

Answer 22

That the baby monkeys cuddled the cloth covered mothers rather than the plain wire mother and sought comfort from them when frightened regardless of which dispensed milk

Question 23

What did the findings of harlows research show

Answer 23

That contact comfort was of more importance to the monkeys than food when it came to attachment behaviour

Question 24

Other than contact comfort, what else did Harlow study about animal attachment

Answer 24

If there was a permanent effect of maternal deprivation

Question 25

How did Harlow research the effect of maternal deprivation

Answer 25

They followed the monekeys who has ben deprived of a ‘real’ mother into adulthood

Question 26

What was the degree of findings

Answer 26

Severe consequences

Question 27

What was the findings for monkeys which reared with plain-wire mothers

Answer 27

They were the most dysfunctional

Question 28

What was the findings for monkeys which reared with a cloth covered mother

Answer 28

Didn’t develop normal social behaviour

Question 29

What were the differing chacateristics of maternally deprived monkeys and normal monkeys

Answer 29

More aggressive, less sociable, breed less, unskilled at mating, neglect their children (some even attack and end up killing them)

Question 30

What was a similarity between Harlows and Lorenzs study

Answer 30

They both identified that there is a critical period for normal development

Question 31

What was harlows finding about the critical period of normal development

Answer 31

A mother figure had to be introduced to a young monkey within 90 days for an attachment to form

Question 32

What happens if there is not mother figure present within 90 days

Answer 32

Attachment was impossible and the damage done by early deprivation became irreversible

Question 33

What is the strength of harlows study

Answer 33

The real world value- it helped social workers and clinical psychologists understand ow a lack of bonding experience can be a risk factor in child development and so this way they know whether they should intervene and help as a result of neglect ion/deprivation

Question 34

What is a limitation of harlows research

Answer 34

There is a lack of generalisability from moneys to humans despite rhesus monkeys being mammals, the human brain and behaviour is still a lot more complex than of monkeys and so it wouldn’t be appropriate to generalise to humans