Cultural Revolution Flashcards
Socialist Education Mvmnt
1962
~ counter bureaucratisation
~ reverse socioeconomic policies
~ revitalise collectivist spirit
4 cleans campaign; an investigation into how …
~ cadres determined workpoints
~ kept accounts
~ distributed supplies
~ handled warehouses and granaries
Twofold aim of 4 cleans camp.
Root out corruption
Expose collusion between rich peasants and party cadres
Feared that the SEM would …
Disrupt agricultural productivity and a threat to their own control of the party
Later ten points
Deng Xiaoping Sept 1963
Revised later 10 points
Liu Shaoqi September 1964
Maoists turned away from the party and to the PLA bc …
It could
- be the primary institutional repository for revolutionary values
- model for refashioning society
- vehicle to combat conservitism of the party bureaucracy
Learn from the PLA
Lin Bao
Launched 1963
1) propaganda popularising heroic self sacrificial soldiers (Lei Feng)
2) by 1964 it’s output was more direct when PLA general political department ordered army personnel to work in schools, gvmnt offices and econ orgs
3) in the countryside the pla re .org militia
Copies of LRB
1 m
Mao cult of p pervasive by
1965
Foreign embassies attacked in CR
11 staff beaten
8 things attacked as 4 olds
Western fashion Correction stations shave heads Street names changed Houses ransacked for bourgeois possessions Non Maoist books burned Religion; no public worship Family life destroyed (commies were parents) Physical destruction of cultural sites
Crematorium in Beijing body count
2000 per fortnight
Guangxi death toll 66-67
67k
CR death toll
1/2 m
Embassies attacked
11
Staff beaten
January storm
jan 66
Chaotic fighting between red guard factions in Shanghai
Stoped by PLA
Red Guard expansion
Formation of new RG factions from factory workers and non-party bourgeois backgrounds
As mvmnt widened splits between factions emerge
Mao realises PLA May not be able to defend China
Made U turn allowed pla to crack down on radicals if needed
August 67
Revolutionary rebels seized Shanghai’s newspapers and brought about party authority collapse in city
Jan 67
Mao sent 2 of his allies to eat new political authority
Rebels announce they’d run city w pla support
Other provinces seized by rebel groups Jan 67
7
Jiang Qing directed RG to replace PLA (no longer rev enough)
July 22nd 1967
Wuhan Incident
Two revolutionary groups emerge in W (one pro one against the establishment)
Violently fought to control the city
Chen Zaidao (local PLA general) supported the million heroes (arms them, fights against RG ⬅️ seize their HQ)
Mao flew to area to rescue military loyalty to the anti-est revolutionary RGs
Mao sends other PLA troops to crush the million heroes and Chen
Cultural destruction in Beijing
2/3 historical places destroyed
