Cultural Psychology

Question 1

Maori Psychology

Answer 1

Maori behaviours, values, unity, purpose.

Question 2

Identify culture, knowledge, and interconnected self

Answer 2

Core to the Maori’s culture, knowledge and interconnected self is their values of spirituality, family, relationship, tribe, and the way they connect with the nature.

Question 3

whakapapa

Answer 3

Whakapapa refers to genealogy, ancestry and heritage - treasures, possession, nature, etc., given and passed down to us by the ancestors.

Question 4

Whanau

Answer 4

Family and extended relations

Question 5

Hapu/iwi

Answer 5

Tribes, clan or descent group. They could be the basic political unit within Maori society.

Question 6

6 Psychology concepts that arise from Maori culture and language

Answer 6

• Mataoranga Maori
• Tikanga Maori
• Tapu and Noa
• Whanau and Whanaungatanga
• Wairua Mauri
• Mana
• Whakapapa

Question 7

Mataoranga Maori

Answer 7

Indigenous or traditional knowledge (skills and practices inherited from indigenous or ancestors)
Psychological examples: Stories, songs, prophecies, teaching, genealogies, and memories

Question 8

Tikanga Maori

Answer 8

Maori’s perspective, values and practices of ethic, etiquette, and customaries. Consistent with the Mataoranga values, and connectedness.

Question 9

Tapu & Noa

Answer 9

Tapu - Sacredness, “holiness”. State of being restricted and prohibited due to the “religious”/spiritual values that centres morality, to keep oneself from doing “bad thing” against the Atua (interconnected with atua). Deviates from “ordinariness”

Noa- Opposite to the tapu, being “ordinary”

Question 10

Mana

Answer 10

The strength, power and authorisation given by the God. It accommodates in one righteous or deserving body. It reminds Maori people that they are not the source of mana, but mana is essential to their strength, power and authority to perform in living. Mana can be weakened through abusing, and neglecting it - which can cause the loss of mana. It can be strengthened by voicing out, using such authority and decision making in a right way, and practicing Mataoranga, and tikanga.

Question 11

Whanaungatanga

Answer 11

Kinship / relationship or connectedness.

Question 12

Wairua Mauri

Answer 12

Mauri - the physical principle; essence that brings life to the physical, binding spirituality and physical. One that embodies only physical equates to death. It is the life force that connects us to the nature, soil, water, people and air - the capacity to support life. It can be nurtured through displaying kindness, support and care.
Wairua - connection with the sacred dimension of reality that gives meaning, purpose, connection and balance.

Question 13

Describe how colonisation impacted Maori psychological knowledge lived experiences

Answer 13

• They lived experience of injustice, brutality, deprivation and marginalisation due to land loss, economic disempowerment, poverty, disease and racism.

Question 14

Describe how Maori have been persistent, and resilient, colonisation

Answer 14

…

Question 15

Demonstrate an understanding of Kaupapa Maori Research and Theory

Answer 15

A non-deficit approach with the potential to avoid superficial issues and examine underlying issues including structural inequities. It is more than a form of resistance, it is actualisation of Tino rangatiratanga (sovereignty), the fundamental basis by which Maori tikanga (perspective and practices) is used to inform policy, educational and research practice and the health and wellbeing of Maori.

Question 16

Demonstrate an understanding of responsiveness to Maori Research

Answer 16

Being responsive to Maori research is through being aware of the colonial narratives, understanding the clauses, principles and impact underlying the Treaty of Waitangi that persist up to this day. Recognising how it has impacted Maori’s health and well being, and educating the future generation about these informations.

Question 17

Demonstrate an understanding of the significance of He Whakaputanga

Answer 17

The establishment of New Zealand independence was prelude to the treaty of Waitangi. This was the British’ first move towards gaining Maori trust and companionship by making them believe that they were protected by the Crown. This also isolated Maori from any other European coming to New Zealand being prohibited specified in the Independence written text.

Question 18

Differences between Te Tiriti O Waitangi and the Treaty of Waitangi

Answer 18

• Clause 1: The absolute sovereignty was theoretically understated in the Maori version using “kawanatanga” instead of “te tino rangatiratanga” or “mana”. It is believed that the chiefs agreed to this clause with the intention of giving “some” and creating partnership in ruling the state instead of giving the absolute sovereignty to one authority.
• Clause 2: The power granted in exchange for guaranteed protection and respect to Maori property. The tino rangatiratanga term was used in Maori version that us not an accurate translation of “full, exclusive and undisturbed possession”. The chiefs agreed to give Hokonga to the crown over whatever lands they wanted to - the english version gives the Crown exclusive right of emption to purchase the land from Maori.