Cultural Psychology Flashcards
Maori Psychology
Maori behaviours, values, unity, purpose.
Identify culture, knowledge, and interconnected self
Core to the Maori’s culture, knowledge and interconnected self is their values of spirituality, family, relationship, tribe, and the way they connect with the nature.
whakapapa
Whakapapa refers to genealogy, ancestry and heritage - treasures, possession, nature, etc., given and passed down to us by the ancestors.
Whanau
Family and extended relations
Hapu/iwi
Tribes, clan or descent group. They could be the basic political unit within Maori society.
6 Psychology concepts that arise from Maori culture and language
- Mataoranga Maori
- Tikanga Maori
- Tapu and Noa
- Whanau and Whanaungatanga
- Wairua Mauri
- Mana
- Whakapapa
Mataoranga Maori
Indigenous or traditional knowledge (skills and practices inherited from indigenous or ancestors)
Psychological examples: Stories, songs, prophecies, teaching, genealogies, and memories
Tikanga Maori
Maori’s perspective, values and practices of ethic, etiquette, and customaries. Consistent with the Mataoranga values, and connectedness.
Tapu & Noa
Tapu - Sacredness, “holiness”. State of being restricted and prohibited due to the “religious”/spiritual values that centres morality, to keep oneself from doing “bad thing” against the Atua (interconnected with atua). Deviates from “ordinariness”
Noa- Opposite to the tapu, being “ordinary”
Mana
The strength, power and authorisation given by the God. It accommodates in one righteous or deserving body. It reminds Maori people that they are not the source of mana, but mana is essential to their strength, power and authority to perform in living. Mana can be weakened through abusing, and neglecting it - which can cause the loss of mana. It can be strengthened by voicing out, using such authority and decision making in a right way, and practicing Mataoranga, and tikanga.
Whanaungatanga
Kinship / relationship or connectedness.
Wairua Mauri
Mauri - the physical principle; essence that brings life to the physical, binding spirituality and physical. One that embodies only physical equates to death. It is the life force that connects us to the nature, soil, water, people and air - the capacity to support life. It can be nurtured through displaying kindness, support and care.
Wairua - connection with the sacred dimension of reality that gives meaning, purpose, connection and balance.
Describe how colonisation impacted Maori psychological knowledge lived experiences
- They lived experience of injustice, brutality, deprivation and marginalisation due to land loss, economic disempowerment, poverty, disease and racism.
Describe how Maori have been persistent, and resilient, colonisation
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Demonstrate an understanding of Kaupapa Maori Research and Theory
A non-deficit approach with the potential to avoid superficial issues and examine underlying issues including structural inequities. It is more than a form of resistance, it is actualisation of Tino rangatiratanga (sovereignty), the fundamental basis by which Maori tikanga (perspective and practices) is used to inform policy, educational and research practice and the health and wellbeing of Maori.
Demonstrate an understanding of responsiveness to Maori Research
Being responsive to Maori research is through being aware of the colonial narratives, understanding the clauses, principles and impact underlying the Treaty of Waitangi that persist up to this day. Recognising how it has impacted Maori’s health and well being, and educating the future generation about these informations.
Demonstrate an understanding of the significance of He Whakaputanga
The establishment of New Zealand independence was prelude to the treaty of Waitangi. This was the British’ first move towards gaining Maori trust and companionship by making them believe that they were protected by the Crown. This also isolated Maori from any other European coming to New Zealand being prohibited specified in the Independence written text.
Differences between Te Tiriti O Waitangi and the Treaty of Waitangi
- Clause 1: The absolute sovereignty was theoretically understated in the Maori version using “kawanatanga” instead of “te tino rangatiratanga” or “mana”. It is believed that the chiefs agreed to this clause with the intention of giving “some” and creating partnership in ruling the state instead of giving the absolute sovereignty to one authority.
- Clause 2: The power granted in exchange for guaranteed protection and respect to Maori property. The tino rangatiratanga term was used in Maori version that us not an accurate translation of “full, exclusive and undisturbed possession”. The chiefs agreed to give Hokonga to the crown over whatever lands they wanted to - the english version gives the Crown exclusive right of emption to purchase the land from Maori.
