Cultural Integration :):

Question 1

Define cultural integration

Answer 1

The incorporation/blending of different cultures. The production of a ‘global village’ , seen through the adoption of a mass consumer culture

Question 2

Global village:

Answer 2

Accessibility of technology, especially transferal of information

Question 3

Globalisation:

Answer 3

Integration of the world’s economy through the mass consumption of ‘Western’ culture, tech and trade. Affecting political, social, economic, cultural and environmental decision making.

Question 4

Homogenised

Answer 4

A state where one culture becomes similar to another

Question 5

Pop culture

Answer 5

What is considered mainstream

Question 6

TNCs

Answer 6

Transnational Corporations = large international companies whose operations take place in both developed and developing world

Question 7

Cultural diffusion

Answer 7

The dispersion or spread off different cultural elements

Question 8

Cultural adoption

Answer 8

The acceptance and integration of different cultural elements as if they were their own

Question 9

Cultural adaption

Answer 9

The modification of a culture to incorporate aspects of another culture.

Question 10

Example of Brands:

Answer 10

Diffusion: McDonalds
Adoption: 34000 restaurants in 118 countries across the world.
Adaption: india = spicy paneer wrap, Korea = shrimp beef burger

Question 11

Fashion in Cultural Integration

Answer 11

Traditional fashion capitals = NY, Paris, Sweden

Globalisation of fashion brands - Zara from Sweden

Fast fashion = affordable price (at the cost of worker’s rights and environment) takes away from local businesses

Question 12

Music in CI

Answer 12

streaming services make foreign music more accessible - indian pop, Kpop

smaller band cannot compete

Question 13

Sport in CI

Answer 13

• most globalised sport = soccer
• global sporting events (olympics, commonwealth)
• used as a commodity

Question 14

Religion

Answer 14

• technology allows for religious discourse - discussion of ethics, etc
• increased tourism allows to visit sacred monuments and sites such as Mecca

Question 15

Media in CI

Answer 15

streaming services increase accessability

Monopolies such as the Murdoch family (owning 64.2% of Australian media, Fox news, wall street journal, times of london)

Influence do biased media outlets

Diverse films

Question 16

Factors affecting cultural integration

Answer 16

• technological change
• transnational corporations
• global media networks
• cultural imperialism
• action of governments

Question 17

effect of cultural integration

Answer 17

• Homogenised landscapes
• Economic dominance and dependence
• Threats to cultural diversity and sovereignty

Question 18

FACI - tech change

Answer 18

• breaks barriers such as time, distance and cost
• information can be accessed and transferred
• Goods and services can be purchased from suppliers globally and financial transactions can be made 24/7 via the internet
• Communication enhanced

Question 19

FACI - TNCS

Answer 19

• production and distribution of G+S is dominated by TNC
• sales of the world’s 10 largest companies > the world’s 100 economically least developed countries
• begin in Developed, expend to devleloping
• have political power as they provide flow of money and employment
• they export western ideals and dilute culture

Question 20

TNCs exerting dominance and expansion

Answer 20

• removal of trade barriers (liberalisation of world trade)
• -> removal of tariffs, quotas, subsidies
• access to tech
• financial markets have been deregulated
• consumer tastes are more similar throughout the world

Question 21

Global media networks

Answer 21

• dominated by Western brands - Walt Disney, Rupert Murdoch, Time Warner
• reach the largest number of consumers possible
• expaned into news broadcasting - increasing the level of standardisation, reducing the range of perspectives available to the public

Question 22

Cultural imperialism

Answer 22

Dominance of one culture over all others.

merica

Question 23

Action of Govt

Answer 23

• balance economic globalisation with maintaining cultural identity
• French govt: restrict use of english language
• NK isolates people from external cultural influences

Question 24

Effects of Cultural Integration: Homogenised landscape

Answer 24

• increasing similarities between cities - less unique
• manhattanisation
• office and residential buildings
• commercial buildings (shopping centres and hotels)

Question 25

Effects of CI: Economic Dominance and Dependence

Answer 25

• London, NY, Paris, Tokyo (cultural hubs hosting entertainment and sporting spectacles, set trends in finance)
• TNCS headquartered here
• Chevron vs Makoko
• TNCs offer employment but have no regard for local culture
• highlights marginalisation of the local population and polarisation between locals and those working for the TNC

Question 26

Chevron

Answer 26

operates in 84 countries
HQ in California
Location of Lagos: Nigeria’s largest city (continent of Africa), lies in the South West of the country on the coast of the Gulf of Guinea

Accommodation: arge supermarket, expats are provided with a car and a driver, education is available from preschool-highschool, there are 127 housing units

Question 27

Makoko

Answer 27

Makoko - Floating Slum
Lack of infrastructure
No reliable power sources
No sewage treatment
Not regulated by the government
Based on an informal economy (labour intensive work that exists to serve needs) - lack of work / safety regulations
Whilst employment offers tend to be higher in the informal sector, most would prefer to work within the formal sector
Each week, 10 000 people move into the slums
Makoko surrounds a transport system
Home to over 100 000 people

Question 28

Threats to cultural diverstiy and sovereignty

Answer 28

Mentawai
- Location: chain of 70 islands 150km off the western coast of Sumatra, Indonesia.

• no contact with other society for over 2000 years (no trading networks)
• government implement policies to integrated isolated ethnic groups - resettling, conversion, etc