Cultural Integration :): Flashcards
Define cultural integration
The incorporation/blending of different cultures. The production of a ‘global village’ , seen through the adoption of a mass consumer culture
Global village:
Accessibility of technology, especially transferal of information
Globalisation:
Integration of the world’s economy through the mass consumption of ‘Western’ culture, tech and trade. Affecting political, social, economic, cultural and environmental decision making.
Homogenised
A state where one culture becomes similar to another
Pop culture
What is considered mainstream
TNCs
Transnational Corporations = large international companies whose operations take place in both developed and developing world
Cultural diffusion
The dispersion or spread off different cultural elements
Cultural adoption
The acceptance and integration of different cultural elements as if they were their own
Cultural adaption
The modification of a culture to incorporate aspects of another culture.
Example of Brands:
Diffusion: McDonalds
Adoption: 34000 restaurants in 118 countries across the world.
Adaption: india = spicy paneer wrap, Korea = shrimp beef burger
Fashion in Cultural Integration
Traditional fashion capitals = NY, Paris, Sweden
Globalisation of fashion brands - Zara from Sweden
Fast fashion = affordable price (at the cost of worker’s rights and environment) takes away from local businesses
Music in CI
streaming services make foreign music more accessible - indian pop, Kpop
smaller band cannot compete
Sport in CI
- most globalised sport = soccer
- global sporting events (olympics, commonwealth)
- used as a commodity
Religion
- technology allows for religious discourse - discussion of ethics, etc
- increased tourism allows to visit sacred monuments and sites such as Mecca
Media in CI
streaming services increase accessability
Monopolies such as the Murdoch family (owning 64.2% of Australian media, Fox news, wall street journal, times of london)
Influence do biased media outlets
Diverse films
Factors affecting cultural integration
- technological change
- transnational corporations
- global media networks
- cultural imperialism
- action of governments
effect of cultural integration
- Homogenised landscapes
- Economic dominance and dependence
- Threats to cultural diversity and sovereignty
FACI - tech change
- breaks barriers such as time, distance and cost
- information can be accessed and transferred
- Goods and services can be purchased from suppliers globally and financial transactions can be made 24/7 via the internet
- Communication enhanced
FACI - TNCS
- production and distribution of G+S is dominated by TNC
- sales of the world’s 10 largest companies > the world’s 100 economically least developed countries
- begin in Developed, expend to devleloping
- have political power as they provide flow of money and employment
- they export western ideals and dilute culture
TNCs exerting dominance and expansion
- removal of trade barriers (liberalisation of world trade)
- -> removal of tariffs, quotas, subsidies
- access to tech
- financial markets have been deregulated
- consumer tastes are more similar throughout the world
Global media networks
- dominated by Western brands - Walt Disney, Rupert Murdoch, Time Warner
- reach the largest number of consumers possible
- expaned into news broadcasting - increasing the level of standardisation, reducing the range of perspectives available to the public
Cultural imperialism
Dominance of one culture over all others.
merica
Action of Govt
- balance economic globalisation with maintaining cultural identity
- French govt: restrict use of english language
- NK isolates people from external cultural influences
Effects of Cultural Integration: Homogenised landscape
- increasing similarities between cities - less unique
- manhattanisation
- office and residential buildings
- commercial buildings (shopping centres and hotels)
Effects of CI: Economic Dominance and Dependence
- London, NY, Paris, Tokyo (cultural hubs hosting entertainment and sporting spectacles, set trends in finance)
- TNCS headquartered here
- Chevron vs Makoko
- TNCs offer employment but have no regard for local culture
- highlights marginalisation of the local population and polarisation between locals and those working for the TNC
Chevron
operates in 84 countries
HQ in California
Location of Lagos: Nigeria’s largest city (continent of Africa), lies in the South West of the country on the coast of the Gulf of Guinea
Accommodation: arge supermarket, expats are provided with a car and a driver, education is available from preschool-highschool, there are 127 housing units
Makoko
Makoko - Floating Slum
Lack of infrastructure
No reliable power sources
No sewage treatment
Not regulated by the government
Based on an informal economy (labour intensive work that exists to serve needs) - lack of work / safety regulations
Whilst employment offers tend to be higher in the informal sector, most would prefer to work within the formal sector
Each week, 10 000 people move into the slums
Makoko surrounds a transport system
Home to over 100 000 people
Threats to cultural diverstiy and sovereignty
Mentawai
- Location: chain of 70 islands 150km off the western coast of Sumatra, Indonesia.
- no contact with other society for over 2000 years (no trading networks)
- government implement policies to integrated isolated ethnic groups - resettling, conversion, etc
