Cultural Evolution

Question 1

Tool culture

Answer 1

ability to make a useable tool in a specific way and then teach another individual how to use that tool

Question 2

Oldowan

Answer 2

Homo Habilis, 3.3-2.4mya
roughly flaked on one side, pebble tools
very simple, used for cutting meat, skins
not very sophisticated, only a few strikes

Question 3

Acheulian

Answer 3

Homo Erectus, 1.5mya
Tear shaped hand axe, used for chopping, specialised, cutting
flakes of rock off both sides of the stone

Question 4

Mousterian

Answer 4

Homo Neanderthalensis, Europe
Precisely made and specialised
large flakes and big strikes, many strikes
more refined

Question 5

what was moustarian made from?

Answer 5

flint, rock

Question 6

Upper Paleolithic

Answer 6

Homo sapiens, found almost everywhere
diverse range of tool cultures
more developed tools freed up time to do other things, art, communicating ideas

Question 7

what was upper Palaeolithic made from?

Answer 7

ivory, bone, antler, some rock, more developed

Question 8

Tool culture time line

Answer 8

Oldowan
Acheulian
Mousterian
Upper Palaeolithic
Old apples make you pale

Question 9

Why was homo habilis the first to make tools?

Answer 9

brain was becoming more developed and therefore more sophisticated thinking
larger Brocas area
successful hunters, using rocks for throwing and digging roots
lived in cooperative groups

Question 10

Homo erectus linked to acheulian tools

Answer 10

more developed brain, more organised brain to help organise ideas and have more sophisticated ideas

Question 11

Use of fire?

Answer 11

warmth, light, scares away animals, cooks food, gets rid of bacteria

Question 12

benefits of fire?

Answer 12

absorb more calories from food, and makes the food easier to digest, meaning less energy needed to make large teeth

Question 13

when was fire discovered?

Answer 13

fire has always been around, but discovered by homo erectus around 1.7-2mya

Question 14

evidence of fire

Answer 14

microscopic traces of wood ash around 1mya by Homo erectus
current culture where a fire can start by striking flint or rubbing wood, friction

Question 15

protien

Answer 15

more easliy consumed when cooked

Question 16

detoxify

Answer 16

remove toxic material from a substance when cooked

Question 17

Key words with fire

Answer 17

cooking, less chewing, increased variety in diet, detoxifying food, light, extended day, kills parasites, heat, keeps predators away, softens proteins and carbs, more digestiable, more opportunity for storytelling and learning, community

Question 18

shelter

Answer 18

Homo sapiens, last 20,000 years, making walls and structures using wooden poles and large animal bones, covering with animal hides and have hearths for warmth and protection

Question 19

Food gathering

Answer 19

going from scavenging to hunter gather

Question 20

why was bipedalism important for food gathering?

Answer 20

being able to carry food home and collect food for community

Question 21

mesolithic period

Answer 21

12-10 tya, foraging and fishing using small tools, microliths

Question 22

neolithic period

Answer 22

10tya, plant cultivation and animal domestication, beginning of agreculture

Question 23

food gathering tools

Answer 23

sickle for chopping and gathering grasses, Quern stone and rubbing stone to grind seed and grain

Question 24

scavenging

Answer 24

searching for discarded food scraps and carcasses

Question 25

domestication

Answer 25

the process of changing plants of animals to make them more useful to humans

Question 26

hunter gatherer

Answer 26

people who hunt animals and gather wild plants, seeds, fruits and nuts to survive

Question 27

Nomadic

Answer 27

wandering, moving about from place to place usually following food and better climate

Question 28

Division of labour

Answer 28

division of work into a number of separate tasks performed by different members of the group

Question 29

what were clothes made from

Answer 29

hides, stone scrapers used to remove animal fat
bone needles used for sewing clothes together

Question 30

Clothing and Neandethals

Answer 30

made capes of fur and wore skins of large animals around their shoulders

Question 31

Advantages of clothing

Answer 31

warmth, shelter from rain, UV and insulation from the elements