Cultural evaluation Flashcards
Who are they key figures?
Van ijzandoorn and kroonenberg (1988)
What was van ijzandoorn and kroonenberg’s aim?
To look at the proportions of secure, insecure-avoidant and insecure-resistant attachments across a range of cultures and within countries.
What is the aim of cross cultures?
To find out if attachment varies between cultures and if ainsworth’s strange situation procedure is ethnocentric.
What is ethnocentric?
Study based on only one culture. Cannot be generalised.
What was the procedure?
- located 32 studies where the strange situation had been used.
- these studies were conducted in 8 countries.
- the overall sample was 1,990 children.
- the data for 32 studies were meta-analysed.
What did they Find?
Secure attachment was most dominant in every culture.
Japan and Israel (collectivist cultures) showed higher levels of insecure-resistant attachment.
Germany (individualistic culture) showed higher levels of insecure-avoidant.
They also found differences within cultures: for example, one of the Japanese studies showed no avoidant attachment babies, whereas the 2nd showed around 20%, which is similar to ainsworth’s original findings. It is an over-simplification to assume that all children are brought up in exactly the same way within a country or culture.
What is a collectivist culture?
A culture that emphasises family and work goals above individual needs and desires.
There is a high degree of interdependence between people.
What is an individualistic culture?
A culture that focuses on personal independence and achievement at the expense of group goals. This results in a strong sense of competition.
What is culture?
Generational beliefs and values of a social group.
