Cultural defence

Question 1

Poland

Answer 1

• 1945- 1989
• Poland was under communist rule, imposed from outside by the Soviet Union
• The Catholic church was suppressed
• The Church was used as a popular rallying point for opposition to the Soviet Union

Question 2

Iran

Answer 2

• Western capitalist powers and oil companies had an influence on Iran during the 1950’s
• A pro-Western routine was headed by the Shah of Iran
• 1960’s/70’s: policies of modernisation and Westernisation were undertaken, eg: banning the veil and replacing the Muslim calendar
• Islam became the focus for resistance to the Shah’s regime