cultural competency Flashcards
define culture
learned traditions, principles, and guides of behavior that are shared among members of a particular group
define competence
the ability to do something successfully or efficiently
cultural competency in the health setting
the application of cultural knowledge, behaviors, and interpersonal and clinical skills that enhances a provider’s effectiveness in managing patient care
define race
categorization of a population based on physical appearance (not genetically defined)
examples of traits race is based off
physical appearance, skin color, eye color, hair color, bone/jaw structure
define ethnicity
groups in which members share a cultural heritage from one generation to the next
ethnicities are linked by
nationality, religion, common heritage
can people of the same race be a different ethnicity
yes
race classifications
white, black, Native American, Alaska native, Asian, native Hawaiian, and other pacific islanders
non-Hispanic white
Caucasian
non-Hispanic black
African American
visible aspect iceberg comparison
visible aspects of culture are above the surface
- observable behaviors
- easy to identify and know
invisible aspect iceberg comparison
invisible aspects of culture are below the surface
- subjective
- non observable behaviors
surface culture
most easily seen (dress, dancing, cooking)
shallow culture
unspoken (eye contact, concept of time, body language)
deep culture
unconscious (world ethic, values, beliefs)
bias
a predisposition or a preconceived opinion that prevents a person from impartially evaluating facts that have been presented
implicit bias
refers to the attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding, actions, and decisions in an unconscious manner
explicit bias
those that are held or endorsed on a conscious level (overt prejudice)
examples of implicit bias
black people are more likely to categorize non-weapons as weapons
stereotype
an exaggerated belief, image or distorted truth about a person or a group (generalization that allows for litter or no individual differences or social variation)
prejudice
feelings or attitude toward a person based on their affiliation with a group (usually negative)
discrimination
an action that typically results from prejudice, behavior directed against persons bc of their membership in a particular group
microaggressions
everyday verbal, nonverbal, and environmental slights, snubs, or insults, whether intention or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative messages to target persons based solely upon their identity
define continuum
developmental process that evolves over an extended period of time
culture destructiveness
differences seen as a problem; identifies one superior culture
cultural incapacity
lacks awareness and skill; perpetuates stereotypes; paternalistic toward non-dominant group
cultural blindness
all cultures are alike; culture dose not account for differences
cultural pre-competence
recognizes differences; complacent in making change
cultural competency
accepts, appreciates and values differences; seeks opinions of diverse groups
culture proficiency
actively educates less informed; seeks to interact with diverse groups
pharmacists role in cultural competency
having an ability and willingness to adapt the way one works to fit the patient’s cultural or ethnic background in order to provide optimal care for the patient
four general components of cultural competency
- awareness of one’s own culture or worldview
- attitudes towards cultural differences
- knowledge of different cultural practices and worldviews
- cross-cultural skills
cultural aspects that affect health
communication, space, time orientation, values, social organizations, language, names, eye contact, pain, religious, etc.
examples of illness being a result of harmony with nature or balance of natural forces
- illness is a result of an imbalance in natural forces
2. illness as a result of supernatural powers
beliefs about origins of health and illness
result of harmony with nature or the balance of natural forces, result of good luck or award for good behavior, and illness that are not recognized by Western medicine
explanatory model
what do you think..?
what do you fear…?
health belief model
b - health beliefs (what caused) e - explanation (why) l - learn (help me understand) i - impact (how impacting life) e - empathy (must be difficult) f - feelings (how you feeling)
Ethnic model
e - explanation (how do u explain) t - treatment (what u tried) h - healers (any other healers) n - negotiate i - intervention c - collaboration
learn model
L - listen to perspective e - explain own perspective a - acknowledge differences/similar r - recommend plan n - negotiate
general tips
- NO STEREOTYPE
- ask what they think caused illness
- respect beliefs
- collaborate
- incorporate patient’s family
- respect
- learn about beliefs/practices
