Cultural Competence/Transcultural Nursing Flashcards
Define culture
The patterned lifeways, values, beliefs, norms, symbols, and practices of individuals, groups, or institutions that are learned, shared, and usually transmitted from one generation to another
Iceberg model of culture: above water
- music
- art
- food and drink
- greeting
- dress
- manners
- rituals
- outward behaviors
Iceberg model of culture: below water
oreientation to…
- environment
- time
- action
- communication
- power
- individualism
- structure
- thinking
Iceberg model of culture: What do we judge
The surfaces stuff
often without knowing what is under
Iceberg model of culture: what supports what we see
The under the water
is their underlying beliefs, orientation, and attitudes
*Define stereotype
An assumption about what all people in a culture/defined group are like
*Define generalization
The same content as a stereotype, assumption about a population, but it is used as a starting point and it is explored to see if it fits an individual
Can one person belong to multiple cultures?
yes
*Define race
Biological
Physical characteristic similarity
Group of people with a common ancestry
*Define ethnicity
Cultural
Members of a group that consider themselves to be distinctive in terms of belonging, culture, history, symbolism, ideology, political ideology, beliefs regarding origin
A person is of one ____ but can be of different ____
A person is of one race but can be of different ethnicity
Race aspects
- biological subspecies
- genetic characteristics
- tendany towards development of certain disease
Ethnicity aspects
- common traits or customs
- learned behaviors
- social not biological
Is race a thing?
No because it is based off of genetics and there is no true race definition due to biological variance in said races
it is a social construt
*Define ancestry
the connection to a geographical origin of ancestors
-recognizes the connection of genetic variations to a geographical origin.
Does ancestry equal ethnicity?
NO
*Define ethnocentrism
Belief that one’s own cultural view are only way of doing things that are right and natural
Define cultural clashes
Misunderstanding or disagreement or different perspective between cultures
*Who is Dr. Madeeine Leininger and what did she develop
Nursing theorist
- Created the idea of transcultural nursing
- developed ethnocentrism qualitative research method
- Developed culture care theory
*leininger’s definition of transcultural nursing
a substantive area of study and practice focused on comparative cultural care (caring) values, beliefs, and practices of individuals or groups of similar or different cultures with the goal of providing culture-specific
and universal nursing care practices in promoting health or well-being or to help people to face unfavorable human conditions, illness, or death in culturally meaningful ways
focus of transcultural nursing
-holistic culture care
Goal/purpose of transcultural nursing
to assist individuals or groups to maintain or regain their health and well being and to deal with disabilities or dying
*Define cultural competence
A set of cultural behaviors and attitudes integrated into practice methods of a system, agency or its professionals, that enables them to work effectively in cross cultural situations
*Cultural competency includes…
- Knowledge of cultural values and practices
- Ability to adapt care, skills to fit a patient’s culture
*Why do we need cultural competence?
- increasingly diverse health care population
- cultural sensitivity
- short-term medical outreach into foreign countries
*Why is cultural competency important?
Western thought, priorities and medical practices may not be acceptable or desired in many developing nations or with immigrants from those nations
*Define cultural care universality
commonly shared or similar patterns, values, beliefs, lifeways, symbols that are commonly shared among different culture groups
*Define culture care diversity
Differences or variabilities between humans with respect to culture care patterns, values, beliefs, lifeways, symbols
*Culture care universality examples
- mothers love for children
- respect for elders
- desire to be healthy
- some type of spirituality
*Culture care diversity examples
- religious beliefs and practices
- end of life beliefs
- family decision making
- gender norms
Define ethnohistory
Anthropology within a nursing perspective
The past facts, events, and experiences of the people group or institution that has occurred over time and helps explain the cultural beliefs, practices and lifeways of people
Define Worldview
The way people look out at the world/universe and for a belief system, value stance of life and the world around them
Define health
the state of well-being
(that is culturally defined, valued and practiced and which reflects the ability of individuals or groups to perform their daily role activities (ADLs) in culturally expressed, beneficial and patterned lifeways.)
Premise of culture Care Theory
There can be no curing without caring but caring can exist without curing
What is the starting point.1st step in cultural competenct
self awareness
Conducting a culturally sensitive patient assessment requires one to be….
- caring
- open
- flexible
- willing to learn
*Define cultural desire
Want to engage in process, listen non-judgementally
*Define cultural awareness
Self examining your beliefs, biases, assumptions
*Define cultural knowledge
Seek other’s world views/beliefs
*Define cultural skill
collect relevant data, culturally-based assesment
*Define Cultural encounters
different face-to-face encounters with others (who are different)
*What is holding knowledge
The stuff you already have in you head
- basic cultural knowledge
- generalization
- starting point for care
shared beliefs/values/custums slide???
??????
Things to ask about/asses when assessing a client’s health care preferences.
- Beliefs about illness and its causes
- Traditional healing customs
- Cultural norms regarding modesty, cleanliness, modesty, and relationships
- Beliefs about disclosure
- Rituals surrounding death
- lifestyle
Cultural care conflict can come from…
- failure to meet clients cultural expectations, beliefs, values, and lifeways
- failure to respect client beliefs on medical treatment
*Emic
- insider knowledge
- Understand and feel the cultural practices
-generic care
*Etic
- outsider knowledge
- obtained from education
- professional care
- nursing intervention does not imply imput from the client
*3 options we have when considering someones cultural practices (leininger)
- preservation or maintenance (keep)
- accommodation or negotiation (consider possibility or modify)
- Re-patterning or restructuring (discontinue practice)
4 levels invoved in developing cultural competence
- open attitudes
- self and other awareness
- cultural knowledge
- cross-cultural skills
*Five steps to cultural competency
- Cultural desire
- C. awareness
- C. knowledge
- C. skill
- C. encounters
*Cultural diversity: USA and Michigan main groups
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