Cultural Competence Foundations

Question 1

Stereotyping

Answer 1

Social categories (sex, race, nationality) in processing and recalling information about others

Stereotypes are the idea that everyone in a group shares the same characteristics.

Question 2

What are the Risks of stereotyping?

Answer 2

• Unconscious bias
• How info is recalled
• Effect patient behaviour
• Shortcut to understanding people

Question 3

How to combat bias?

Answer 3

• Build a relationship with the person
• Often greater differences within a group than between groups
• Incr. opportunities to interact with different groups
• Recognising you might hold or be victim of bias

Question 4

Discrimination

Answer 4

• Unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people (race, age, sex)
• Recognition and understanding of the difference between one thing and another

Question 5

Privilege

Answer 5

Systematic and interpersonal advantage that works with systematic discrimination and marginalisation that cause population differentials in access to societal goods and services, exposures to stressors

Question 6

Marginalisation

Answer 6

Treatment of a person, group of concept as insignificant

marginalised groups have poorer health outcomes witch contribute to health inequalities between groups

Question 7

Cultural competence

Answer 7

To be respectful and responsive to the health beliefs, practices and cultural needs of diverse population groups

Question 8

What are some legislative and regulatory frameworks around health?

Answer 8

New Zealand Bill of Rights Act (1990)

Human Rights Act (1993)

• Anti-discrimination laws
• Complaints process

Employment Relations Act (2000)
- Positive duties on employers to act in good faith

New Zealand Public Health and Disability Act (2000)
- Recognise and respect the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi, improving health outcomes for Māori. (part 3 - Māori autonomy and authority on decision-making, delivery of health and disability services)

Question 9

Right 1 of the Health and Disability Commissioner Act (1994)

Answer 9

• Every customer has to be treated with respect

- Take into account the needs, values and beliefs of different cultural, religious and ethnic groups

Question 10

Competencies for registered nurses.

Answer 10

• Ability to apply the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi to nursing practices
• Practices in a manner that the health customer determines as being culturally safe

Question 11

What are the 5 ‘fingers’ of cultural safety in nursing?

Answer 11

• Awareness (self, and other cultures)
• Connection
• Communication
• Negotiation
• Advocacy (safety determined by those receiving health care)

Question 12

What are the aspects of Waka Hourua in the Meihana Model?

Answer 12

• Tinana (Physical)
• Hinengaro (Mental)
• Wairua (Spiritual)
• Iwi Katoa (Societal, community)
• Taiao (Environment)

Patient & Whānau

Question 13

What represents the 4 winds of Tawhirimātea (Hgā Hau e Wha)?

Answer 13

Hgā Hau e Wha

• Colonisation
• Racism
• Migration
• Marginalisation

Question 14

What represents the 4 oceans of Tangaroa (Ngā Roma Moana)?

Answer 14

Ngā Roma Moana

• Āhua (personal indicators)
• Tikanga
• Whānau
• Whenua

Question 15

What are some ways Colonisation dominates another land and its people?

Answer 15

• Land appropriation (unowned natural resources become the property of a person or group)
• Social deprivation (poorer health outcomes)
• Cultural subjugation (e.g. language suppression)
• Transfer of political power (loss of autonomy and authority)

Question 16

Some examples of structural Racism?

Answer 16

• Institutional racism (racial discrimination that has become established as normal behaviour within a society or organization - systemic racism)
• Interpersonal racism (directly perceived discriminatory interactions between individuals)
• Internalised racism (oppression in a form of a group that causes another group to limit themselves)