Cultural Change in the 1920's Flashcards

1
Q

When was the first commerical radio station set up and what was it

A

The KDKA in Pittsburgh, set up in 1920

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2
Q

How many radio stations were there in 1922

A

500

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3
Q

What was the first national network of radio stations

A

NBC, set up in 1926

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4
Q

What was a huge radio event

A

1927 boxing match between Gene Tunney and Jack Dempsey, listened to by 50 million people

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5
Q

How much was a radio in the 20’s

A

$150 (not cheap), usually paid for by credit.

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6
Q

How many families had a radio

A

60% had purchased one by 1930

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7
Q

What increased with the radio

A

The attraction for advertising and sponsorships, which paid for programmes

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8
Q

How did radio bring America together

A

It broadcast important sports events

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9
Q

How big was the cinema industry

A

By the 1920’s it was the 4 th largest in terms of capital investment, and employed more than Ford or General Motors

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10
Q

How many customers were going to the cinema a day

A

10 million customers across 20,000 cinemas

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11
Q

Why did people like the cinema

A

Escapism, excitement and change. It glamourised The Roxy in New York which cost $10 million to build

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12
Q

Who were some famous movie stars

A

-Clara Bow, ‘It Girl’ - Symbolised modern liberated women
-Theda Bara, ‘The Vamp’ - exuding dangerous sexuality
-Charlie Chaplin

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13
Q

What was the first sound film and when was it released

A

The Jazz Singer in 1927

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14
Q

What did the growth of sport spectatorship/listening lead to

A

Sport celebrities started earning vast amounts from sponsorships, with Jack Dempsey making $10 million

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15
Q

Who was the stupid baseball guy you have to know the name of

A

Babe Ruth

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16
Q

What was the Black American Baseball organisation

A

The Negro National Baseball League, formed in 1920 with the sport still largely segregated.

17
Q

How popular was the Negro National Baseball League

A

They toured the US playing to high crowds of 30,000, often to mixed crowds. They were paid less than half of the white teams and some years were made to play 3 times a day

18
Q

What led to conflict with Black Americans

A

KKK, Unions reluctance to recruit members of ethnic minorities and the Great Migration

19
Q

What showed to huge racism of the 1920’s

A

President Harding’s bill to outlaw lynching failed to pass congress in 1922

20
Q

How many people lived in Harlem

A

165000 people by 1930, represents ghettoisation. Led to increased demand for accomodation

21
Q

What happened to rent in Harlem

A

Rents doubled between 1919-27

22
Q

What was the Harlem Renaissance

A

The concentration of Black Americans led to flowering of culture including Jazz and dance

23
Q

What did some hope the white appretiation of Jazz music would lead to

A

Greater tolerance. In reality it led to a white sanitisation version, with notable white jazz musicians such as Benny Goodman, labelled the ‘King of Swing’

24
Q

Who was the white musician labelled the ‘King of Swing’

A

Benny Goodman

25
Q

What club in Harlem attracted wealthy people

A

The Cotton Club and Plantation

26
Q

What did Harlem become

A

A place where whites experienced what they thought was ‘exotic’

27
Q

What did the influx of whites in Harlem lead to

A

Resentment from many black americans, with poet Claud McKay calling Harlem ‘‘an all-white picnic ground’

28
Q

Who called Harlem an ‘all white-picnic ground’

A

Claud McKay

29
Q

What did literature reflect in the 20’s

A

Widespread disullusionment with the USA (for some reason)

30
Q

What are some notable pieces of literature in the 20’s

A

1926 The Sun Also Rises by Hemingway - reflected unhappiness, with a group of ex-patriots leading fruitless lives in Paris, symbolising emptyness of society
1925 Babbitt by Sinclair Lewis - The main character is only concerned with social status and materialism