Changing Status of Minorities in the 1950's Flashcards

1
Q

How many Native Americans served in war and worked in production?

A

25000 Native Americans served in war and 40000 worked in production.

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2
Q

What did serving in the war mean for Native Americans

A

Many left reservations to live the same as other groups in cities.

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3
Q

What was the Indian Claims Commission?

A

The Indian Claims Commission was established in 1944 to offer financial compensation for claims for lost land, but not to return to the land, and compensate for past exploitation.

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4
Q

What did the House Concurrent Resolution, Number 108 of 1953 announce?

A

Termination policy for researvations

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5
Q

What did the the House Concurrent Resolution, Number 108 termination policy entail?

A

The termination policy entailed breaking up reservations and encouraging Native Americans to move to urban areas to live like other citizens without consulting them.

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6
Q

Where did Native American Researcation termination begin?

A

Termination began with the sale of valuable land belonging to tribes in Oregon and Wisconsin.

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7
Q

What happened with the termination of Native American Researvations

A

Disaster from start. Many left reservations and drifted into unemployment and alcoholism then moved back. By 1960, only 13000 out of 400000 moved permanently and only 3% reservation land lost

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8
Q

What was the Bracero programme and how many people entered the USA each year between 1950-54?

A

The Bracero programme was a program that allowed Mexican workers to enter the USA to work on farms. 200,000 people entered each year between 1950-54.

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9
Q

Why were there plenty of farming jobs available during this time?

A

Farmers couldn’t meet demands as many saw fruit and vegetables as no longer luxury but essential to diet.

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10
Q

How many Hispanic Americans immigrated legally and illegally during the 50s?

A

A huge wave of legal and illegal immigration brought in 219,000 Hispanic Americans during the 50s.

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11
Q

What type of worker did employers prefer to work in their farms

A

Illegal immigrants as they didn?t have to meet minimum wage standards

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12
Q

When did Truman set up the Civil Rights Committee?

A

Truman set up the Civil Rights Committee in September 1946.

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13
Q

What was the purpose of the Civil Rights Committee?

A

The purpose of the Civil Rights Committee was to investigate racial abuse.

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14
Q

What did the 1947 report ‘To Secure These Rights’ state?

A

The 1947 report ‘To Secure These Rights’ stated that the USA couldn’t claim to lead the free world whilst racial minorities were treated unequally.

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15
Q

Who blocked every civil rights measure?

A

A coalition between 20 Southerner Democrats and 15 Republicans blocked every civil rights measure.

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16
Q

When was Executive Order 9981 passed?

A

Executive Order 9981 was passed in 1948.

17
Q

What did Executive Order 9981 do?

A

Executive Order 9981 desegregated the armed forces entirely and guaranteed fair employment in civil service.

18
Q

What replaced the Fair Employment Practise Committee

A

The Fair Employment Board replaced FEPC but was underfunded.

19
Q

What did the Fair Employment Board

A

The Fair Employment Board desegregated gov-run shipyards, veterans? hospitals, and encouraged integration of schools.

20
Q

When was the NAACP founded and what is their mission?

A

The NAACP was founded in 1909 to promote racial equality and fight for racial justice.

21
Q

What is the NAACP

A

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

22
Q

How was education unequal for Black Americans in the South?

A

Schools in the South spent 3x more on white schools than black-American schools and 100 times more on school transport. In 1946, black Americans in the South were illiterate. Black-American children had to walk miles to poorly resourced schools.

23
Q

What was Brown vs. Topeka and what was its outcome?

A

Brown vs. Topeka was a court case where Reverend Oliver Brown?s 7yr old daughter had to cross railroad tracks to get to a Black school. On May 17th, 1954, the court ruled that ?separate but equal? had no place.

24
Q

Was desegregation implemented quickly after Brown vs. Topeka?

A

No, desegregation was very slow to implement as it placed responsibilities on local authorities. Southern politicians saw it as a green light to not act.

25
Q

In what years did 723 school districts desegregate?

A

1956-57.

26
Q

How many black-American school children were involved in the desegregation of school districts from 56-57

A

300,000

27
Q

What was the extent of change in 1955 regarding attitudes towards desegregation?

A

Attitudes were hardening, with Southern school boards finding more reasons to oppose desegregation.

28
Q

What was the most common way that grants were given to schools in 1955?

A

Grants were most commonly given to private schools which were segregated and gave racially biased tests to ensure white children went to the best schools.

29
Q

How many lynchings took place in the 1950s, and how many of them occurred in 1955?

A

There were 11 lynchings in the 1950s, and 8 of them took place in 1955.

30
Q

What horrific event took place in 1955 involving a schoolboy?

A

The horrific murder of schoolboy Emmett Till took place in 1955.

31
Q

What happened at a school in Tennessee that prevented desegregation?

A

A mob of 2000 people prevented desegregation of a school in Tennessee, which was only restored after the National Guard arrived.

32
Q

What happened to the KKK in 1955

A

It grew to 20000 members