cultural bias

Question 1

universality

Answer 1

when a theory of behaviour applies to everyone

Question 2

what is cultural bias?

Answer 2

when researcher misrepresents differences between cultures

Question 3

what is ethnocentrism? + how does this happen?

what is ethnocentric bias + how can this happen

what is study to support ethnocentric bias?

what is evaluation for ethnocentrism

Answer 3

when someone focuses on their own cultural perspective
- this is when they see their own culture correct or other cultures as abnormal

ethnocentric bias : when a researcher lacks validity and reliability due to ethnocentrism
this can happen if
- researchers ignore other cultures

Mary ainsworth study
- she assumed that babies from other cultures would have same attachment styles as Americans but babies in more collectivist cultures actually had different attachment styles.

evaluation for ethnocentrism
1. may lack external reliability and validity as results may not be generalised to to other cultures

2. people from other cultures may be misdiagnosed with psychological conditions
3. because other cultures may be judged as abnormal they maybe devalued leading to harmful stereotypes

Question 4

what is cultural relativism ?

what is imposed etic + who is example to support it

what is etic and emic approach?

evaluation for cultural relativism (3)

Answer 4

idea that behaviours must be understood from the perspective of a specific culture

imposed etic - imposing your own cultural understanding on the rest of the world.
e.g ainsworth study as she studied behaviour within a single culture ( America) and assume her ideal attachment type could be applied universally.

etic = looks a behaviour from outside of given culture

emic = functions from within or inside certain cultures.

evaluation for cultural relativism

1. prevents ethnocentric bias
2. may exaggerate differences between cultures

3.may ignore differences between people within culture.