cultural Flashcards

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1
Q

Reification

A

people are capable of forgetting their own authorship of the human world
Social order exists only as a product of human activity

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2
Q

Subcultures

A

he shared cultural traits of subcultures set them apart from the rest of their
society. Examples of easily identifiable subcultures in the United States include ethnic groups

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3
Q

Cultural relativism

A

is a concept that refers to the fact that what is regarded as true, valued, or expected in one social system may not be so in another.

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4
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

•having or based on the idea that your own group or culture is better or more important than others

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5
Q

Xenophobia

A

intense or irrational dislike or fear of people from other countries.

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6
Q

• The Sick Deviant

A

• the designation of a person as ill changes the obligations which others have toward the
person and his obligations toward them.1

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7
Q

The Enemy Deviant

A

• He accepts his behavior as proper and derogates the public norm as illegitimate. The drinker as enemy seems to be the greatest stimulus to efforts to designate his act as publicly defined deviance

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8
Q

The Cynical Deviant

A

The professional criminal commits acts whose designation as deviant is supported by wide social consensus. The
burglar. It does not threaten the legitimacy of the normative order

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9
Q

Revolutionary terrorism

A

rguably the most common form.seek the complete abolition of a political system and its replacement with new structures.

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10
Q

Subrevolutionary terrorism

A

It is used not to overthrow an existing regime but to modify the existing sociopolitical structure. Since this modification is often accomplished through the threat of deposing the existing regime,

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11
Q

Establishment/ state sponsored terrorism,

A

is employed by governments—or more often by factions within governments—against that government’s citizens, against factions within the government, or against foreign governments or groups.

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12
Q

Nationalist terrorism.

A

Nationalist terrorists seek to form a separate state for their own national group, often by drawing attention to a fight for “national liberation” that they think the world has ignored.

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13
Q

Religious terrorism.

A

Religious terrorists seek to use violence to further what they see as divinely commanded purposes, often targeting broad categories of foes

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14
Q

State-sponsored terrorism

A

State-sponsored terrorist groups are deliberately used by radical states as foreign policy tools.

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15
Q

Left-wing terrorism

A

Left-wing terrorists are out to destroy capitalism and replace it with a communist or socialist regime.

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16
Q

Right-wing terrorism

A

seek to do away with liberal democratic governments and create fascist states in their place

17
Q

Anarchist terrorism

A

Revolutionaries seeking to overthrow established governments launched a wave of bombing and assassinated a series of heads of state.

18
Q

Rational Motivation

A

The rational terrorist thinks through their goals and options, making a cost- benefit analysis.

19
Q

Psychological Motivation a.

A

Psychological motivation for terrorism derives from the terrorist’s personal dissatisfaction with his or her life and accomplishments. b. Terrorists do not even consider that they may be wrong and that others’ views may have some merit. c. Terrorists tend to project their own antisocial motivations onto others, creating a polarized “we versus they” outlook. They attribute only evil motives to anyone outside their own group. This enables the terrorists to dehumanize their victims and removes any sense of ambiguity from their minds.

20
Q

Cultural Motivation

A

Cultures shape values and motivate people to actions that seem unreasonable to foreign
observers.