CUE - Urban policy

Question 1

Why did urban policy and regeneration begin 1979?

Answer 1

Thatcher’s conservatives won the election w/ overall majority of 43 seats whilst Labour recorded lowest share since the war. Thatcher led biggest shake up in urban policy and regeneration in last 50 yrs and successive gov.s continued the policies.
Diff. gov.s used diff. policies. for regeneration.

Question 2

What is urban policy?

Answer 2

Strategies chosen by central and local gov. to manage to dev. of urban areas and reduce urban problems.

Question 3

What is regeneration?

Answer 3

Revival of urban areas.

Question 4

What are top down policies?

Answer 4

A system of government in which actions and policies are initiated at the highest levels.

Question 5

What are bottom up policies?

Answer 5

Schemes and policies that are planned and controlled by local communities to help the local area.

Question 6

When was the Urban Development Corporations and what were they?

Answer 6

1981
13 UDCs established to physically, economically and socially regenerate brownfield and vacant sites. UDCs had wide ranging powers and resources and aimed to lever investment from the private sector.
Under conservative Thatcher gov.

Question 7

When were Enterprise Zones set up and what were they?

Answer 7

1981
Small areas of land opened up via planning legislation and tax incentives. Aimed to attract new growth industries.
Under conservative Thatcher gov.

Question 8

When was the Inner City Initiative and what was it?

Answer 8

1986
Inner city task forces. City action teams consisted of small teams of civil servants who worked w/ the local community. Aimed to improve economic environment and stimulate work on environmental and recreational developments.
Under conservative Thatcher gov.

Question 9

When was City Challenge and what was it?

Answer 9

1991
Funding by competitive bids rather than those most in need. Emphasis away from unelected boards and towards partnerships w/ the private sector and local communities.
Under conservative Thatcher gov.

Question 10

When was the European Regional Development Fund and who first received funding from it?

Answer 10

1992
Liverpool was the first UK city to receive EU funds in 1993.
Under conservative John Major gov.

Question 11

When was the Single Regeneration Budget and what was it?

Answer 11

1997
Competitive bidding for funds. Disparate funding for more than 20 sources was administered by the Department for the Environment.
Under conservative John Major gov.

Question 12

When was the Single Regeneration Budget (challenge fund) and what was it?

Answer 12

1997
Emphasis on local priorities and involvement. Housing, crime and unemployment targeted.
Under labour Blair gov.

Question 13

When was the Regional Development Agencies and what was it?

Answer 13

1997
Coordination of regional economic development and regeneration. Wide reaching powers.
Under labour Blair gov.

Question 14

When was English partnerships and what was it?

Answer 14

1999
National regeneration agency for England to support ‘high quality and sustainable growth in England’. Responsible for land acquisition and major dev. projects, alone or in private partnerships.
Under labour Blair gov.

Question 15

When was Urban Regeneration Companies and what was it?

Answer 15

1999
Organised and delivered major regeneration projects in key urban locations.
Under labour Blair gov.

Question 16

What emerged at the end of the twentieth century and what did they include?

Answer 16

A wave of new gov. and QUANGO initiatives. Included Education Action Zones, Health Action Zones and Millennium Schemes.

Question 17

When were Local Enterprise Partnerships and what were they?

Answer 17

2010
Based on ‘real functional economic areas’, ‘business led’ and tasked w/ creating jobs and driving growth. Replaced RDAs.
Under Cameron coalition gov.

Question 18

When was New Homes Bonus and what did it do?

Answer 18

2010
Promoted house building, relaxation of planning control on home extensions. An incentive to local authorities to accept housing growth.
Under Cameron coalition gov.

Question 19

When was Community Infrastructure Levy and what did it do?

Answer 19

2010
Offers incentives at a local level tp ‘help communities accommodate the impacts of new development. Neighborhoods receive proportion of funds.
Under Cameron coalition gov.

Question 20

When was Localism Act and Tax Increment Financing and what was it?

Answer 20

2011
City leaders can make a case to be given new powers to promote economic growth and set their own local policies.
Under Cameron coalition gov.