Cubital Fossa & Anterior Forearm Flashcards
Pronator Teres AAIN
Attachments: medial epicondyle & ulnar coronoid process to lateral aspect of radius
Actions: pronates & flexes forearm
Innervation: Median nerve
Nerve root: C6-7
Flexor Carpi Radialis (FCR) AAIN
Attachments: medial epicondyle (common flexor origin) to the palmar aspect of the base of the 2nd metacarpal
Actions: flexes & abducts hand at wrist (radial deviation), may assist in pronation of forearm & flexion of elbow
Innervation: Median nerve
Nerve root: C6-8
Palmaris Longus AAIN
Attachments: medial epicondyle of humerus to the palmar aponeurosis
Actions: flexes hand at wrist, tenses palmar fascia
Innervation: Median nerve
Nerve root: C7-8
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (FCU) AAIN
Attachments: medial epicondyle of the humerus & proximal ulnar shaft to the pisiform
Actions: flexes and abducts hand at wrist (ulnar deviation) and assists in flexion of the elbow
Innervation: Ulnar nerve
Nerve root: C7-T1
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (FDS) AAIN
Attachments: medial epicondyle to the sides of the middle phalanges of digits 2-5
Actions: Flexion of digits (metacarpophalangeal & proximal interphalangeal) and hand at wrist
Innervation: Median nerve
Nerve root: C7-T1
Flexor Digitorum Profundus (FDP) AAIN
Attachments: anterior proximal two thirds of the ulna and interosseous membrane to the base of the distal phalanges of digits 2-5
Actions: flexion of digits 2-5 (metacarpophalangeal and distal interphalangeal and proximal interphalangeal) and flexion of hand at wrist
Innervation: Median (anterior interosseous nerve- 2nd and 3rd digits), ulnar (4th and 5th digits) nerves
Nerve roots: C7-T1
Flexor Pollicis Longus (FPL) AAIN
Attachments: anterior surface of the radius and interosseous membrane to the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb
Actions: flexes thumb (metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal)
Innervation: Median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve)
Nerve roots: C7-T1
Pronator Quadratus AAIN
Attachments: anterior surface of the distal ulna to the anterior surface of the distal radius
Actions: pronates the forearm
Innervation: median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve)
Nerve roots: C8-T1
What are the three joints of the elbow and their synovial classifications?
Humeroulnar (ginglymus/hinge), humeroradial (plane/gliding) and proximal radio-ulnar (pivot/trochoid)
Ulnar collateral ligament function/attachments
Function: resists excessive cubital valgus
Attachments: medial epicondyle to medial margin of coronoid process and olecranon process
Radial collateral ligament function/attachments
Function: resists excessive cubital varus
Attachments: lateral epicondyle to annular ligament
Annular ligament function/attachments
Function: stabilizes proximal radioulnar joint
Attachments: anterior margin of the radial notch to posterior margin of radial notch surrounding head of radius
Interosseous membrane attachments
Attachments: interosseous border of radius to interosseous border of ulna
Name the 7 bursae of the elbow
Subcutaneous bursa of medial epicondyle
Subcutaneous bursa of lateral epicondyle
Bursa of anconeus
Bursa at origin of extensor carpi radialis brevis
Olecranon bursae (semitendinous, intratendinous, subcutaneous)
Describe a radial head subluxation and the structures involved
Occurs when the radial head dislocates from the anular ligament (which reinforces radial head). Typically occurs as a result of a pulling force on the arm when extended overhead (ie parents swinging child). Typically only requires relocation, but if injury occurs as a result of a fall, further screening is required to rule out a fracture
Describe olecranon bursitis and the structures involved
Olecranon bursitis is defined as the inflammation of the bursae at the olecranon process (subtendinous, intratendinous, subcutaneous) as a result of increased pressure at the elbow (often sitting at a desk or similar)
Locate the areas of skin associated with a single spinal segment (Dermatome). (C5-T1)
C5: lateral arm and proximal 1/2 of lateral forearm
C6: middle stripe of arm and forearm, thumb
C7: middle fingers (approx digits 2-4)
C8: pinky
T1: medial forearm and distal 1/2 of medial arm
Anterior forearm contents, actions, innervation & blood supply
Contents: 8 muscles
- pronator teres
- flexor carpi radialis
- palmaris longus
- flexor carpi ulnaris
- flexor digitorum superficialis
- flexor digitorum profundus
- flexor pollicis longus
- pronator quadratus
Actions: forearm flexion & pronation, some hand abduction, adduction, flexion, some digit/thumb flexion
Innervation: median nerve & ulnar nerve
Blood supply: ulnar artery (anterior interosseous)
Function of the median nerve
(muscular branches of forearm, anterior interosseous nerve, palmar cutaneous branch, muscular branches in hand, recurrent branch of median nerve, common and proper palmar digital nerves)
Muscular branches in the forearm: S, PG S & M of flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superficialis and pronator teres (superficial & intermediate anterior compartment)
Anterior interosseous nerve: S, PG S & M of flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus and pronator quadratus (deep anterior compartment)
Palmar cutaneous branch: S & PG S of the skin overlying radial aspect of palm of hand
Muscular branches in the hand: S, PG S and M of lateral two lumbrical muscles
Recurrent branch of median nerve (C6-T1): S, PG S and M of flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis and opponents pollicis muscles (thumb muscles)
Common & proper palmar digital nerves: S & PG S of skin overlying digits 1-4
Function of ulnar nerve (muscular branches of forearm, palmar cutaneous branch, dorsal cutaneous branch, deep terminal branch)
Muscular branches of forearm: S, PG S and M of flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundus
Palmar (cutaneous) branch: S & PG S of the skin of ulnar side of the palm (common palmar digital nerves- digits 4-5 and proper palmar digital nerves)
Dorsal (cutaneous branch): S & PG S of skin overlying dorsal surfaces of digits 4 & 5
Deep (terminal) branch (C8-T1): S, PG S and M of abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, flexor pollicis brevis, opponent digiti minimi, palmar interossei, dorsal interossei, medial two lumbricals and adductor pollicis
What are the muscles in the superficial compartment of the anterior forearm?
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
What is the intermediate anterior forearm muscle?
Flexor digitorum superficialis
What are the muscles in the deep compartment of the anterior forearm?
Flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus
