Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Quiz 2 > CTO Quiz 2: Cartilage and Bone > Flashcards

CTO Quiz 2: Cartilage and Bone Flashcards

0
Q

Functions of Cartilage

A

1) Structural support of soft tissues
2) Shock absorption between joints
3) Reduce friction between joint surfaces
4) Role of growth and development in long bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Types of Connective Tissue

A 
1) Connective Tissue Proper
	Loose, Dense (Regular and Irregular)
2) Connective Tissues with Special Properties
	Adipose, Elastic, Hematopoietic, Mucous
3) Supporting Connective Tissues
	Cartilage, Bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Components of Cartilage (cells)

A

chondroblasts–>chondrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Types of Cartilage

A

1) Hyaline
2) Elastic
3) Fibrocartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A

Type 2 collagen, elastic fibers
flexible
yellow- due to elastin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A 
Most common
Type 2 collagen
Embryo skeleton
Ephiphyseal plates of long bones
holds a lot of water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hyaline Locations

A 
Articular surfaces of moveable joints (**articular cartilage is a type of hyaline)
Ends of ribs
Respiratory passages
Nose
Larynx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Locations of Elastic Cartilage

A

ear
Eustachian tube
epiglottis of larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Type 1 collagen
flexible strength
dense CT
resists tension and shearing forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Fibrocartilage Locations

A

Intervertebral and articular discs
menisci of knee
pubic symphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Formation of Cartilage

A

mesenchymal cells (with transcription factor SOX-9)–> chondroblasts–> produce matrix–> chondrocytes (inside lacuna)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Isogenous Nests

A

chondrocytes undergo mitosis- when multiple daughter cells are in one lacuna (eventually get separated by matrix)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Perichondrium

A

dense CT outer layer of most cartilage (except articular and fibrocartilage)
source of nutrition
inner layers contain chondrogenic cells- can become chondroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Interstitial Growth

A

new cartilage added in middle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Appositional growth

A

new cartilage added at edge

fibroblast–>chondrogenic cells–>chondroblast–>chondrocyte (inner perichondrium differentiation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hyaline Articular Cartilage

A

no perichondrium
cannot repair easily
ex- shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

breakdown and loss of cartilage on articular joint surfaces
bone spurs

risk factors- obesity, women, older than 45, joint injury, heredity
treatment- pain and anti-inflammatory meds, exercise, weight loss, joint replacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Components of Bone (cells)

A

osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Epiphysis

A

expanded end with articular cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Diaphysis

A

shaft of long bone

medullary cavity- osteoclastic activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Epiphyseal Plate

A

area where growth occurs in young bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Periosteum

A

dense connective tissue layer covering bone

22
Q

Sharpey’s Fibers

A 
collagen fibers that extend into the bone and are continuous with the collagen fibers of the bone matrix
function to anchor periosteum to the bone
23
Q

Periosteum

A

dense connective tissue layer covering bone

inner fibrous outter layer containing osteoprogenitor cells

24
Endosteum
thinner layer on the inside of bone | contains cells that can proliferate as osteoblasts
25
Osteoprogenitor Cells
stem cells found on external and internal surfaces of bone (perosteum and endosteum) have capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts active during bone and growth repair
27
Osteoblasts
found on the surfaces of bone produce and secrete organic components of bone matrix (osteoid) active (round) or inactive (flat) become osteocytes when surrounded by matrix
28
Osteocytes
are completely surrounded by matrix within lacunae function to maintain the bone matrix have cytoplasmic processes within canaliculi that serve as communication links with other cells via gab junctions function to maintain bone matrix- bone grows from appositional growth, not interstitial (because calcified)
29
Osteoclasts
large motile multinucleated cells derived from blood monocytes responsible for bone resorption develop from hematopoietic cells (fusion of monocytes)
29
Resorption of Bone
osteoclasts- multi nuceated ruffled border- region that contains infoldings of the plasma membrane and is directly involved in resorption clear zone- surrounds periphery of ruffled border and is where the osteoclast firmly adheres to bone matrix- is devoid of organelles, rich in actin filaments hydrolytic enzymes (including acid phosphataseare released from lysosome into the clefts between the processes of the ruffled border degraded minerals and organic components are endocytosed and delivered to nearby capillaries
30
Trabeculea
bars and spicules of bone | in spongy bone there are gaps between trabeculae filled with bone marrow
31
Immature Bone
first bone that is formed in fetus or during repair | many osteocytes, low mineral content, irregular array of collagen fibers
32
Mature Bone
secondary, lamellar majority of adult bone collagen fibers are arranged in lamellae that are either parallel or circumferentially arranged spongy bone typically parallel, compact typically circular
33
Osteon (Haversian System)
lamellae are arranged in circular pattern around a central canal containing artery and vein lamellae are layed down by concetnric layers of osteocytes angles of fibers to add strenght to matrix lacunae containing osteocytes are found between layers canaliculi connect adjacent lacuna
34
Volkman's Canals
contain blood vessels of adjacent Haversian systems to connect them organized just below endosteum and periosteum connect haversian cannals with periosteum and bone marrow
35
Interstitial Lamellae
oldest part of bone fill up spaces between osteons and circumferential lamellae remnants of prior osteons that were partially removed by osteoclasts
36
Cicumferential Lamellae
organization of lamellar bone at outter and inner aspect of bone- just beneath periosteum and endosteum parallel to bone surface and surround entire bone in circumferential manner
37
Components of Cartilage (fibers)
collagen (1 and 2), elastic
38
Components of Cartilage (ground substance)
glycosaminoclycans- hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate | proteoglycans- chondronectin, stain darkly
39
Components of Bone (fibers)
type 1 collagen
40
Components of Bone (ground substance)
proteoglycans glycoproteins- osteonectin, osteocalcin calicified extracelllar matrix
41
General Functions of Bone
provides supportive framework for softer tissues of body serves as site of attachment for muscles to produce movement (site of attachment for ligaments and muscles) protects vital organs bone marrow-site of hematopoiesis provides reservoir of calcium and phosphate
42
Structures of Bones
``` bone tissue hematopoietic tissue adipose tissue cartilage blood vessels nerves ```
43
Metaphysis
flared part of shaft of long bone
44
Articular Cartilage
top of bone, no periostium so no appositional growth, can do some interstitial growth
45
Short Bone
ex carpias of wrist
46
Flat Bone
ex parietal bone
47
Irregular Bones
ex vertebrae
48
Microscopic Organization of Bone
immature- can have irregular matrix, primary bone is bone first formed in fetus or during repair many osteocytes, low mineral content, irregular array of collagen fibers mature (aka secondary or lamellar bone)- highly organized regular matrix, majority of adult bone, uses gap junctions to pass nutrients back and forth, collagen fibers arranged in lamella that are either parallel or circumfrentially arranged spongy (cancelous) bone typically parallel, compact bone typically circular (osteons)
49
Macroscopic Organization of Bone
compact- very dense, strong, high percentage of weight, low percentage of space spongy- spong like (trabaculae/bars/spinacules of bone filled with marrow), not as strong, low weight, high percentage of space
50
Haversian Canal
center of osteon contains vessels (artery and vein) and nerves location of nutrient transport
51
Osteogenesis
formation of one occurs in embryo to form bony skeleton occurs during adolescence for growth occurs during adulthood for remodeling and repair
53
Bone Formation
molecular signals after genetic expression at appropriate times--> bone formation 2 types- both form primary bone through trabecular network (spicules first)- intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification

Quiz 2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions