CT - Patient Assessment and Preparation Flashcards
General practices necessary to obtain a good patient history?
a. Nonleading or OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS that allow the patient
to provide the history in his or her own words.
b. Keen LISTENING AND ENCOURAGEMENT to MAXIMIZE the
INFORMATION provided by the patient.
c. FOCUSED QUESTIONING for additional information.
d. REPEATING AND SUMMARIZING the information provided by
the patient to check for accuracy.
Why screening for CT is important?
To identify concerns like
a) examination tolerance
b) potential
c) contrast agent contraindications and so on.
Why CT exam of trunk be performed before high density oral contrast exams or after sufficient time?
To allow for bowel clearance.
Why to ensure patient comfort on the CT table?
Less patient motion and lead to Higher-quality CT examinations.
Common education to patients before procedure
a) Breathing instructions
b) Empty bladder before contrast procedure to avoid interruption
c) Before contrast administration - metallic taste and warm sensation
d) Post procedural instructions to patient/bystander
e) Communicate with service provider for fup care.
What are different types of consent?
- Informed consent- Patient is fully aware and agrees to consent for a procedure.
- Written consent - Patient/legal representative to sign the document prior to procedure.
- Implied Consent - Pt unconscious & medical emergency, we assume patient would agree if able.
Types of Immobilizers
1) Cushions
2) Straps
3) Breath hold(mainly for chest and abdomen)
Normal body temperature is ________
97.7° to 99.5°F (36.5° to 37.5°C).
Normal Pulse Rate
Pulse rate for adults - 60 to 100 beats per minute(bpm)
Pulse rate for children - 70 to 120 bpm.
Normal Blood Pressure
Systolic blood pressure - the pressure within arteries during cardiac contraction( less than 120 mm Hg).
Diastolic pressure is measured during relaxation of the heart (less than 80 mm Hg).
Normal respiration rate:
Adult - 12 to 20 breaths per minute
Child - 20 to 30 breaths per minute.
Three stages of Cardiac Cycle(ECG)
a. Atrial systole:
• Contraction of the left and right atria.
• Corresponds to the onset of the P wave of the ECG.
b. Ventricular systole:
• Contraction of the left and right ventricles.
• Beginning of the QRS complex on the ECG.
c. Complete cardiac diastole:
• Period of relaxation after heart contraction.
• Consists of ventricular diastole and atrial diastole.
• Corresponds to the T wave of the ECG.
What is Beta blockers?
Used to reduce patient’s heart rate (for optimal data imaging).
What is Hypoxia and what can it cause?
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygenation of tissue at the cellular level.
Hypoxia can cause headache, dizziness, and nausea, leading to more serious complications such as ataxia (loss of muscular coordination), tachycardia, and pulmonary
hypertension(increased blood pressure in the pulmonary vasculature).
Left untreated, hypoxia can result in cyanosis (blue coloration of the skin), low blood pressure, and death.
Types of Oxygen supplies?
Nasal cannula, a two-pronged tube inserted into the nose for delivery of oxygen.
Typically used to deliver 1 to 5LPM of oxygen.
Mask, a simple oxygen mask covers the patient’s nose and mouth to deliver oxygen flow rates of 6 LPM or higher.
Ventilator, patients with an insufficient airway or the inability to maintain adequate oxygenation may require intubation with an endotracheal tube and mechanical ventilation.
