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HISTOLOGY > ct > Flashcards

ct Flashcards

1
Q

provides a matrix that supports and physically
connects other tissues and cells together to form the
organs of the body

A

CT

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2
Q

CT major constituent is the

A

extracellular matrix (ECM)
which consist of protein fibers and ground
substance

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3
Q

CT o originate from
,

A

o originate from embryonic mesenchyme,

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4
Q

CT originate from embryonic mesenchyme,

A

embryonic mesenchyme,

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5
Q

a tissue developing mainly from the middle layer of
the embryo

A

mesenchymnme

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6
Q

o produce and maintain most of the tissue’s
extracellular components.
o the key cells in connective tissue proper
o originate locally from mesenchymal cells and are
permanent residents of connective tissue.
o Synthesize and secrete collagen

A

fibroblast

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7
Q

o the most common cells in connective tissue proper

A

fibroblast

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8
Q

macrophages, plasma cells, and mast cells, originate from

A

hematopoietic stem cells

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9
Q

o abundant and irregularly branched cytoplasm,
o Ovoid nucleus, large and pale staining w/ fine
chromatin
o Larger cell
o Euchromatic nucleus

A

active fibroblast

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10
Q

o “fibrocyte”
o smaller than the active fibroblast
o acidophilic cytoplasm
o a darker, elongated, more heterochromatic nucleus
o smaller spindle shape

A

Quiescent Cell

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11
Q
  • Active Chromatin
  • Pale Stain
A

euchromatin

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12
Q
  • Inactive Chromatin
  • Darker Stain
A

HETEROCHROMATIN

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13
Q

o Targets fibroblast
o influence cell growth and differentiation.

A

growth factors

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14
Q

o Fibroblasts involved in wound healing
o have a well-developed contractile function
and are enriched with a form of actin also
found in smooth muscle cells.

A

myofubroblast

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15
Q

o Also from Mesenchymal
o “fat cell”
o found in the connective tissue of many organs.

A

adiipocyte

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16
Q

o specialized for cytoplasmic storage of lipid as
neutral fats, or for the production of heat.
o Nucleus pushed to the side

A

adipocyte

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17
Q

o Tissue with a large population of
adipocytes
o serves to cushion and insulate the
skin and other organs

A

adipose CT

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18
Q

have highly developed phagocytic ability and
specialize in turnover of protein fibers and removal
of apoptotic cells, tissue debris, or other particulate
material, being especially abundant at sites of
inflammation.

A

MACROPHAGE

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19
Q

are large oval or irregularly shaped cells of
connective tissue

A

MAST CELL

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20
Q

Has a characteristics of metachromasia, which
means that they can change the color of some basic
dyes from blue to purple or red.

A

MAST CELL

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21
Q

o Blue color due to many basophilic granules which
contains heparin
o Function for inflammatory and tissue repair
o Release bioactive substances

A

MAST CELL

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22
Q

o a sulfated GAG that acts locally as an anticoagulant

A

HEPARIN

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23
Q

promotes increased vascular permeability and
smooth muscle contraction

A

Histamine

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24
Q

✓ Serine proteases

A

o which activate various mediators of inflammation

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25
Q

Are polypeptides directing activities of leukocytes
and other cells of the immune system

A

Cytokine

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25
Q

✓ Eosinophil and neutrophil chemotactic factors

A

o which attract leukocytes

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26
Q

are converted to prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and
other important lipid mediators of the inflammatory
response.

A

✓ Phospholipid precursors

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27
Q

mast cells that are especially numerous near the
small blood vessels in skin and mesenteries

A

➢ Perivascular Mast Cell

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28
Q

Mast cells in the tissue that lines digestive and
respiratory tracts

A

➢ Mucosal Mast Cell

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29
Q

Also known as allergic reaction which is inhibited
after the release of certain chemical mediators
stored in mast cells

A

➢ Immediate hypersensitivity reaction

30
Q

o large, ovoid cells have basophilic cytoplasm
o pale nucleus, spherical and eccentric
o clock face nucleus appearance
o nucleus has heterochromatin and euchromatin
region
o 10-20 days life span

A

PLASMA CELL

31
Q

o Derived from Lymphocyte

A

PLASMA CELL

32
Q

o comprise a population of wandering cells in
connective tissue.
o Migrate from blood vessels via ??????
o They function in connective tissue, don’t return to
blood and then undergo ????
o Found between endothelial cell
o Abundant in ????? tissue of ????

A

LEUKOCYTE

Via diapedesis
Undergo apoptosis
Abundant in CT of digestive tract

33
Q

o elongated structures formed from proteins that
polymerize after secretion from fibroblasts

A

FIBER

34
Q

o Most abundant fibers
o constitute a family of proteins selected during
evolution for their ability to form various extracellular
fibers, sheets, and networks,
o extremely strong and resistant to normal shearing
and tearing forces.
o key element of all connective tissues, as well as
epithelial basement membranes and the external
laminae of muscle and nerve cells.
o major product of fibroblasts
o family of 28 collagens

A

COllagen

35
Q

4 GRPS OF COLLAGEN

A

4 Groups: fibril forming, fibril associated, anchoring
fibril, network forming

36
Q

o Forms structure as tendons, organs, capsules and
dermis

A

FIBRIL FORMING COLLAGEN

37
Q

o Bind the surface of collagen fibrils to the
components of ECM

A

Fibril Associated

38
Q

o Bind Basal Lamina

A

Anchoring Fibril

39
Q

o Assemble in meshwork
o Constitutes a major structural component of basal
lamina

A

NETWOEK FORMING

40
Q

o consist mainly of collagen type III, which forms an
extensive network of thin fibers
o support of many different cells.
o Very thin
o Found associated with hematopoietic tissue (blood
forming cells)

A

RETICULAR FIBERS

41
Q

o thinner than the type I collagen fibers and form
sparse networks interspersed with collagen bundles
in many organs
o seen in walls of blood vessels
o has elastin that can bend or stretch fibers
o ability to stretch but not elasticity
o have rubberlike properties that allow tissue
containing these fibers, such as the stroma of the
lungs, to be stretched or distended and return to
their original shape
o
o a composite of fibrillin, which forms a network of
microfibrils, embedded in a larger mass of cross
linked elastin

A

ELASTIN FIBERS

42
Q

Transparent and rich in water
o Act as both lubricant and barrier
o allows diffusion of small molecules

A

GROUND SUBSTANCE

43
Q

3 CLASS OF GROUND SUBSTANCE

A

Has 3 classes : GAGs, :Proteoglycans, Multi
adhesive glycoprotein

44
Q

long polymers of repeating disaccharide units,
usually a hexosamine and uronic acid.

A

GAGs

45
Q
  • also known as hyaluronic acid
    are the largest GAG located and synthesized
    in golgi
A

Hyaluronan

46
Q

have attached GAGs that often comprise a greater
mass than the polypeptide core

A

Proteoglycans

47
Q

proteoglycan has Has 4 main GAGs: d

A

ermatan sulfate, chondroitin
sulfates, keratan sulfate, and heparan sulfate

48
Q
  • key proteoglycan in all basal laminae.
A

Perlecan

49
Q

very large, having a core protein heavily
bound with chondroitin and keratan sulfate chains

A

-

Aggrecan

50
Q

o Have more proteins than sugar
o have multiple binding sites (multiadhesive) for cell
surface integrins and for other matrix
macromolecules.

A

➢ Multiadhesive glycoprotein

51
Q
  • with binding sites for integrins, type IV
    collagen and providing adhesion for epithelial and
    other cells providing adhesion for epithelial and
    other cells.
A

Laminin

52
Q
  • a 235-270 kDa dimer synthesized
    largely by fibroblasts, with binding sites for collagens
    and certain GAGs, and forms insoluble fibrillar
    networks throughout connective tissue
A

Fibronectin

53
Q

of the blood caused by the
pumping action of the heart, which forces water out
across the capillary wall T

A

hydrostatic pressure

54
Q

produced by plasma
proteins such as albumin, which draws water back
into the capillaries

A

Colloid osmotic pressure

55
Q

Function as structural (bone), Transportation
(blood, lymph), Protection (cartilage and bone),
storage of energy (adipose), protection from
microorganism (diff. type of cells)

A

ct

56
Q

ct types

A

Has 5 classifications: Connective tissue proper,
fluid, support, embryonic, adipose

57
Q

broadly classified as “loose” or “dense” (according to
arrangement of collagen present/)

A

ct proper

58
Q

Also called areolar tissue - - - -
Thick layer (lamina propria) forming a layer
beneath the epithelial lining of many
organs and filling the spaces between
fibers of muscle and nerve
contains cells, fibers, and ground
substance in roughly equal parts
delicate consistency, flexible and not very
resistant to stress.
Equally, randomed cells (fibroblast), fiber (collagen), and ground substance

A

loose ct

59
Q

has similar components as loose
connective tissue, but with fewer cells,
mostly fibroblasts, and a clear
predominance of bundled type I collagen
fibers over ground substance - -
protects organs and strengthens them
structurally.
Tight or close arrange

A

dense Connective Tissue -

60
Q

bundles of collagen fibers appear
randomly interwoven - - -
no definite orientation.
Provides resistance to stress from all
directions.
Example include the deep dermis layer of
skin and capsules surrounding most
organs.

A

dense irrreg ct

61
Q

consists mostly of type I collagen bundles
and fibroblasts aligned in parallel - -

A

dense regular connective tissue -

62
Q

characterized by abundant fibers of type III collagen
known as reticulin which supports various types of
cells.
o their loose disposition provides a framework with
specialized microenvironments for cells in
hemopoietic tissue and some lymphoid organs

A

reticular tissue

63
Q

o Mucus connective tissue
o Embryonic type

o principal component of the fetal umbilical cord
o gelatinous, with sparse collagen fibers and scattered
fibroblasts
o similar to the tissue found in the vitreous chambers
of eyes and pulp cavities of young teeth.

A

Mucoid Tissue

64
Q

2 type of adi[pose

A

white and brown

65
Q
A
66
Q

3 main type of fiber

A

o 3 main types: collagen, reticular, and elastic fibers.

67
Q

o Responsible in secreting antibodies

A

Plasma cell

68
Q

Also occurs as fenestrated sheets called

A

elastic
lamellae

69
Q

o Type I, II, III, V, XI

A

Fibril forming

70
Q

o Type IX, XIII, XIV

A

Fibril associated

71
Q

o Type VII, IX, XII, XIX

A

Anchoring fibril

72
Q

o also known as Wharton’s Jelly

A

Mucoid tissue

73
Q

o Type X, IV

A

Network forming

HISTOLOGY (4 decks)

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