CSS Flashcards
What are the names of the individual pieces of a CSS rule?
Selector, declaration block, declaration(s) {property: value};
In CSS, how do you select elements by their class attribute?
.class or element.class { }
In CSS, how do you select elements by their type?
element name { }
In CSS, how do you select an element by its id attribute?
id { }
Name three different types of values you can use to specify colors in CSS.
o RGB Value o Hex Code o Color Name o RGBA (RGB + opacity) o HSL o HSLA (HSL + opacity)
What CSS properties make up the box model?
margin, border, padding
Which CSS property pushes boxes away from each other?
margin
Which CSS property add space between a box’s content and its border?
padding
What is a pseudo-class?
keyword added to a CSS selector that specifies a special state of the selected element(s), can apply a style that is applied by the browser when the condition is met
What are CSS pseudo-classes useful for?
o Style an element when a user mouses over it
o Style visited and unvisited links differently
o Style an element when it gets focus
o Style an element based on position in a group of siblings
Name at least two units of type size in CSS.
pixels, ems, percentages
What CSS property controls the font used for the text inside an element?
font-family
What is the default flex-direction of a flex container?
row: left to right
What is the default flex-wrap of a flex container?
nowrap
Why do two div elements “vertically stack” on one another by default?
they are block level elements
What is the default value for the position property of HTML elements?
position: static
How does setting position: relative on an element affect document flow?
Does not affect document flow, other elements will act as if it hasn’t moved.
How does setting position: relative on an element affect where it appears on the page?
Nothing changes unless positioned (relative to the space it would have occupied in normal document flow).
How does setting position: absolute on an element affect document flow?
Element is removed from the normal document flow and sits on its own layer separate from everything else.
How does setting position: absolute on an element affect where it appears on the page?
Positioned in relation the first ancestor element that has it’s position set to anything other than static, if none, will position to the html element.
How do you constrain an absolutely positioned element to a containing block?
Set position: relative to the parent element
What are the four box offset properties?
top, right, bottom, left
What are the four components of “the Cascade”.
o Source order
o Inheritance
o Specificity
o !Important
What does the term “source order” mean with respect to CSS?
The order in which the CSS rules are written in the stylesheet, last highest priority.
How is it possible for the styles of an element to be applied to its children as well without an additional CSS rule?
Inheritance
List the three selector types in order of increasing specificity.
o Element type
o Class
o ID
Why is using !important considered bad practice?
Breaks the cascade flow of the stylesheet and makes debugging difficult
What does the transform property do?
lets you rotate, scale, skew, or translate an element (adjust the coordinate plane)
Give four examples of CSS transform functions.
o rotate() Rotates an element around a fixed point on the 2D plane. o scale() Scales an element up or down on the 2D plane. o skew() Skews an element on the 2D plane. o translate() Translates(moves) an element on the 2D plane.
The transition property is shorthand for which four CSS properties?
o transition-property sets the CSS properties to which a transition effect should be applied
o transition-duration sets the length of time a transition animation should take to complete
o transition-timing-function how intermediate values are calculated for CSS properties being affected by a transition effect
o transition-delay the duration to wait before starting a property’s transition effect when the value changes
Give two examples of media features that you can query in an @media rule.
o width or height (of the viewport)
o orientation
Which HTML meta tag is used in mobile-responsive web pages?
viewport < meta name=”viewport” content=”width=device-width, initial-scale=1” >
What is a breakpoint in responsive Web design?
The point where a media query is introduced
What is the advantage of using a percentage (e.g. 50%) width instead of a fixed (e.g. px) width for a “column” class in a responsive layout?
Because viewport size and pixel density can vary greatly, relative units like percents are more flexible, ie making something 50% wide means it will always take up half of the viewport no matter what size the viewport is.
If you introduce CSS rules for a smaller min-width after the styles for a larger min-width in your style sheet, the CSS rules for the smaller min-width will “win”. Why is that?
Source order: last rule has highest priority.
