CSS

Question 1

What are the names of the individual pieces of a CSS rule?

Answer 1

Selector, declaration block, declaration(s) {property: value};

Question 2

In CSS, how do you select elements by their class attribute?

Answer 2

.class or element.class { }

Question 3

In CSS, how do you select elements by their type?

Answer 3

element name { }

Question 4

In CSS, how do you select an element by its id attribute?

Answer 4

id { }

Question 5

Name three different types of values you can use to specify colors in CSS.

Answer 5

o	RGB Value
o	Hex Code
o	Color Name
o	RGBA (RGB + opacity)
o	HSL
o	HSLA (HSL + opacity)

Question 6

What CSS properties make up the box model?

Answer 6

margin, border, padding

Question 7

Which CSS property pushes boxes away from each other?

Answer 7

margin

Question 8

Which CSS property add space between a box’s content and its border?

Answer 8

padding

Question 9

What is a pseudo-class?

Answer 9

keyword added to a CSS selector that specifies a special state of the selected element(s), can apply a style that is applied by the browser when the condition is met

Question 10

What are CSS pseudo-classes useful for?

Answer 10

o Style an element when a user mouses over it
o Style visited and unvisited links differently
o Style an element when it gets focus
o Style an element based on position in a group of siblings

Question 11

Name at least two units of type size in CSS.

Answer 11

pixels, ems, percentages

Question 12

What CSS property controls the font used for the text inside an element?

Answer 12

font-family

Question 13

What is the default flex-direction of a flex container?

Answer 13

row: left to right

Question 14

What is the default flex-wrap of a flex container?

Answer 14

nowrap

Question 15

Why do two div elements “vertically stack” on one another by default?

Answer 15

they are block level elements

Question 16

What is the default value for the position property of HTML elements?

Answer 16

position: static

Question 17

How does setting position: relative on an element affect document flow?

Answer 17

Does not affect document flow, other elements will act as if it hasn’t moved.

Question 18

How does setting position: relative on an element affect where it appears on the page?

Answer 18

Nothing changes unless positioned (relative to the space it would have occupied in normal document flow).

Question 19

How does setting position: absolute on an element affect document flow?

Answer 19

Element is removed from the normal document flow and sits on its own layer separate from everything else.

Question 20

How does setting position: absolute on an element affect where it appears on the page?

Answer 20

Positioned in relation the first ancestor element that has it’s position set to anything other than static, if none, will position to the html element.

Question 21

How do you constrain an absolutely positioned element to a containing block?

Answer 21

Set position: relative to the parent element

Question 22

What are the four box offset properties?

Answer 22

top, right, bottom, left

Question 23

What are the four components of “the Cascade”.

Answer 23

o Source order
o Inheritance
o Specificity
o !Important

Question 24

What does the term “source order” mean with respect to CSS?

Answer 24

The order in which the CSS rules are written in the stylesheet, last highest priority.

Question 25

How is it possible for the styles of an element to be applied to its children as well without an additional CSS rule?

Answer 25

Inheritance

Question 26

List the three selector types in order of increasing specificity.

Answer 26

o Element type
o Class
o ID

Question 27

Why is using !important considered bad practice?

Answer 27

Breaks the cascade flow of the stylesheet and makes debugging difficult

Question 28

What does the transform property do?

Answer 28

lets you rotate, scale, skew, or translate an element (adjust the coordinate plane)

Question 29

Give four examples of CSS transform functions.

Answer 29

o	rotate() Rotates an element around a fixed point on the 2D plane.
o	scale() Scales an element up or down on the 2D plane.
o	skew() Skews an element on the 2D plane.
o	translate() Translates(moves) an element on the 2D plane.

Question 30

The transition property is shorthand for which four CSS properties?

Answer 30

o transition-property sets the CSS properties to which a transition effect should be applied
o transition-duration sets the length of time a transition animation should take to complete
o transition-timing-function how intermediate values are calculated for CSS properties being affected by a transition effect
o transition-delay the duration to wait before starting a property’s transition effect when the value changes

Question 31

Give two examples of media features that you can query in an @media rule.

Answer 31

o width or height (of the viewport)

o orientation

Question 32

Which HTML meta tag is used in mobile-responsive web pages?

Answer 32

viewport < meta name=”viewport” content=”width=device-width, initial-scale=1” >

Question 33

What is a breakpoint in responsive Web design?

Answer 33

The point where a media query is introduced

Question 34

What is the advantage of using a percentage (e.g. 50%) width instead of a fixed (e.g. px) width for a “column” class in a responsive layout?

Answer 34

Because viewport size and pixel density can vary greatly, relative units like percents are more flexible, ie making something 50% wide means it will always take up half of the viewport no matter what size the viewport is.

Question 35

If you introduce CSS rules for a smaller min-width after the styles for a larger min-width in your style sheet, the CSS rules for the smaller min-width will “win”. Why is that?

Answer 35

Source order: last rule has highest priority.