CSS Flashcards
What are the names of the individual pieces of a CSS rule?
Selector, opening curly braces for declaration block, declaration: property with its value, closing curly braces for declaration block.
In CSS, how do you select elements by their class attribute?
with a dot . Ex. .class
In CSS, how do you select elements by their type?
with the name of the type/element
In CSS, how do you select an element by its id attribute?
with # Ex. #idname
Name three different types of values you can use to specify colors in CSS.
rgb, hex code, color name, hsl
What CSS properties make up the box model?
width & height
Which CSS property pushes boxes away from each other?
margin
Which CSS property add space between a box’s content and its border?
padding
What is a pseudo-class?
a keyword added to a selector that specifies a special state of the selected element(s). it’s a class applied by browser
What are CSS pseudo-classes useful for?
It allows to change the appearance of element when user interacts with them :hover :focus :active
Name two types of units that can be used to adjust font-size in CSS.
font-size: em; px; %
What CSS property controls the font used for the text inside an element?
font-family
What is the default flex-direction of a flex container?
row
What is the default flex-wrap of a flex container?
nowrap
Why do two div elements “vertically stack” on one another by default?
because div is block-level element
What is the default flex-direction of an element with display: flex?
row is the default. there are row-reverse, column, column-reverse as well.
What is the default value for the position property of HTML elements?
static
How does setting position: relative on an element affect document flow?
it doesn’t affect, sit on same spot, normal document flow, only will affect within its position if the properties were declared
How does setting position: relative on an element affect where it appears on the page?
as it would in normal flow
How does setting position: absolute on an element affect document flow?
it is removed from it’s surrounding element, not a normal flow
How does setting position: absolute on an element affect where it appears on the page?
to the relative position of the parent that is containing. near the closest parent. top of it’s nearing ancestor that is not position: static; ( will be relative, fixed)
How do you constrain an absolutely positioned element to a containing block?
make sure the value is not static for the ancestor.
What are the four box offset properties?
static, relative, absolute, fixed
Four box off set properties
top, left, bottom, right
when should you only use absolute position?
for layered of elements, when it needs to overlap another element
when should you use position relative
only minor adjustments
What are the four components of “the Cascade”.
Source Order, Inheritance, Specificity, & !important
What does the term “source order” mean with respect to CSS?
where is the rule set placed, more recent (last rule) overules the previous rule. rule set that is lower is higher than others
How is it possible for the styles of an element to be applied to its children as well without an additional CSS rule?
inheritance
List the three selector types in order of increasing specificity.
type, class, id
Why is using !important considered bad practice?
reverse cascade and override all rules even from external libraries like Bootstrap, normalize.css, third party scripts.
What does the transform property do?
lets you use other functions to rotate, scale, skew, or translate an element, by modifiying the coordinate space
Give four examples of CSS transform functions.
matrix, translate, rotate, translateY, scale
The transition property is shorthand for which four CSS properties?
transition-property, transition-duration, transition-timeing-function, transition-delay,
Give two examples of media features that you can query in an @media rule.
min-width, max-width
Which HTML meta tag is used in mobile-responsive web pages?
viewport
What is a breakpoint in responsive Web design?
point at which a media query is introduced.
media query needs to be introduced where the content starts to break in some way.
What is the advantage of using a percentage (e.g. 50%) width instead of a fixed (e.g. px) width for a “column” class in a responsive layout?
it will only take the 50% of width no matter the size, but px will be in fixed size. therefore, will have to create more media query for all the fixed sizing values.
If you introduce CSS rules for a smaller min-width after the styles for a larger min-width in your style sheet, the CSS rules for the smaller min-width will “win”. Why is that?
CSS Source order picks whatever is last(latest) in document
