CSIM 1.83: Pathology of Chronic Organ Failure and Transplantation

Question 1

What are the types of acute renal failure?

Answer 1

Obstruction types:
• Pre-renal
• Intrinsic
• Outflow

Urine production:
• Anuric
• Oligouric
• Polyuric

Question 2

What is Goodpasture’s syndrome?

Answer 2

Also known as “anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis”
• Type 2 hypersensitivity autoimmune reaction
• Attacks the basement membrane of glomeriuli and lungs
• Haematuria
• Haemoptysis

Question 3

Why does smoking, solvents, viral infections, etc. lead to increased chance of autoimmune diseases such as Goodpasture’s syndrome?

Answer 3

these damage tissue and ‘unmask’ antigen

Question 4

Define the follwing:

1) Autograft
2) Isograft
3) Allograft
4) Xenograft

Answer 4

1) Transplantation of individual’s own tissue (skin to heal bones, etc.)
2) Transplantation between genetically-identical tissue (monozygotic twins)
3) Transplantation between genetically non-identical tissue
4) Transplantation between members of different species

Question 5

What is warm ischaemic time?

Answer 5

When an organ is initially removed from a patient, it is not being supplied with oxygen but is still warm and thus metabolically active, therefore ischaemia is occuring

Cold ischaemic time refers to when the organ is cooled down outside of the body

Question 6

What circumstances might permit a hyperacute rejection?

Answer 6

Sensitisation due to:
• Two transplants from the same donor to the same recipient
• Mother receiving foetal blood during pregnancy

Question 7

What opportunistic infections may follow transplantation?

Answer 7

• CMV
  
  • HSV
  • Aspergillus
  • Candida