CSI Case 1 & 2 Flashcards
What viruses can cause the common cold?
Rhino virus, corona virus, influenza virus and adeno virus.
What allows influenza to bind to a cell?
Haemagglutinin bind to sialic acid.
What allows the influenza virus to leave the cell?
Neuraminidase cleaves bond to sialic acid.
What does covid bind to?
ACE2 Receptor.
What does covid do that leads to acute lung injury?
Downregulated ACE2 which causes angiotensin II to build up.
What is Angiotensin II?
Vasoconstricter hormone.
How many polypeptide chains make up haemoglobin?
4
What is haemoglobin S?
Mutant form of beta chain in haemoglobin A.
What is the difference between haemoglobin S and haemoglobin A?
One amino acid. Glutamate to valine at position 6.
Why is sickle cell haemoglobin fibres sticky?
Polymerization of haemoglobin s.
What is the hydrophobic pocket?
This is where the haemoglobin fibres stick in sickle cell disease. Valine is hydrophobic so fibres stick.
Why does oxy haemoglobin not stick?
Oxygen interferes with the polymerisation of haemoglobin s. Hydrophobic knob/groove is exposed more in deoxygenated haemoglobin s.
What makes up haemoglobin A?
2 alpha and 2 beta chains.
Why do the different types of haemoglobin form different bands?
Different mass.
Why is haemoglobin F seen in a sickle cell patient?
Haemoglobin F is regulated due to a lack of haemoglobin A.