csf disorders

Question 1

Raised intracranial pressures causes

Answer 1

• papillodema
• pulsatile tinnitus - rythmic pulsing ear noise
• Cushings triad - systemic hypertension, nradycardia and irregular respiration

Question 2

Hydrocephalus

Answer 2

excessive accumulation of fluid in the brain

• Non communicating hydrocephalus
• communicating hydrocephalus

Question 3

Non communicating hydrocephalus

Answer 3

• structural obstruction ( tumor/ obstruction) leads to csf development in the ventricles and high csf pressure

Question 4

communicating hydrocephalus

Answer 4

• accumulation of csf due to impaired absorption

-

Question 5

normal pressure hydrocephalus

Answer 5

• called in older adults
• gait disturbance, changes in cognition
• disprop large ventricle

Question 6

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

Answer 6

• Disease of young women who are overweight

• Intracranial pressure goes up sponatenously
• no def cause but weight loss deffo treatment

Question 7

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis

Answer 7

•is the presence of acute thrombosis (a blood clot) in the dural venous sinuses, which drain blood from the brain.

Question 8

Intra cranial hypotenison

Answer 8

• Abnormal low pressure due to dural tear and leak of csf
• Lack of csf, low pressure
- postural headaches - headaches completely disappear on lying down

Question 9

Stroke

Answer 9

• rapid neurological dysfunction due to vascular cause

• Ischaemia - results from blood supple being restricted to part of body mainly due to atherosclerosis
• Haemorrhage - escape of blood from ruptured blood vessels due to high bp

Question 10

Types of haemorrhagic stroke

Answer 10

1. Intracerebral haemorrhage
   - sudden rupture of blood vessel within the brain leading to sudden increase in pressure which can damage brain tissue
   caused by : hypertenison ( weakens lining of arterioles causing aneurysm forming)
   - cerebral amyloid angiopathy - deposits amyloid protein plaques within arteries increasing risks of haemorrhage
2. Intracranial haemorrhage - bleeding inside the skull
   due to arteriovenous malformation
3. Subarachnoid haemorrhage
   - bleed in the subarachnoid space
   - occur spontaneously
   • Berry aneurysm
4. Extradural haemorrhage - tear in middle meningeal artery, collection of blood between inner surface of skull and outer layer of dura

Question 11

Arteriovenous malformation

Answer 11

abnormal blood vessels such as arteries and veins being connected directly without capillaries, massive pressure shift, makes it prone to rupture

Question 12

Haematoma

Answer 12

collection of blood in body tissue, outside of blood vessels

•Sub dural haematoma - vein rupture causes accumulation of blood in subdural space