CSE3: MT1 Flashcards
19th century mathematics professor at Cambridge (1791-1871)
Charles Babbage
Required 25,000 parts, weighed 15 tons and was never finished (1821)
Difference Engine
The mother of all computers, conceived by Charles Babbage. Also never finished. Could (theoretically) be programmed with punched cards. Could carry out any calculation to 20 digits of accuracy (1843)
The Analytical Engine
Who was the first computer programmer who was an interpreter and promoter of Babbage’s visionary work, as well as wrote a plan for using the analytical engine to calculate bernoulli sequences?
Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace
In 1943 who was the mathematician who led a team to complete Colossus, the first electronic digital computer?
Alan Turing
Who broker the German military’s chief cipher machine, Enigma?
Alan Turing
Define Turing test
it is a basic test for artificial intelligence
Which 2 people helped the U.S. in WWII by constructing a machine to calculate trajectory tables for new guns, a.k.a ENIAC
John Mauchly and J Presper Eckert
What does ENIAC stand for
Electronic Numerical Integrator and computer
What was the name of the private company Mauchly and Eckert made and what did they create?
Their company name was Sperry and they created the UNIVAC I, the first general purpose commercial computer
Who invented the compiler?
Admiral Grace Hopper
Who created one of the first programming languages and what was the name of it?
Admiral Grace Hopper she invented the programming language COBOL
Who coined the term debug and what event happened that gave the term its name?
Admiral Grace Hopper coined the term debug and thought of the term because an actual moth got stuck in the Harvard Mark II computer.
______ were used in early computers and ______ replaced _____ starting in 1956.
Vacuum tubes, transistors, vacuum tubes
what are vacuum tubes
A vacuum tube, electron tube, valve, or tube, is a device that controls electric current flow in a high vacuum between electrodes to which an electric potential difference has been applied.
what are transistors
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electrical signals and power. It is one of the basic building blocks of modern electronics. It is composed of semiconductor material, with at least three terminals for connection to an electronic circuit.
What were transistors replaced by in the 1960s?
integrated circuits
what are integrated circuits
An integrated circuit, also known as a microchip or IC, is a small electronic device made up of multiple interconnected electronic components such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors. These components are etched onto a small piece of semiconductor material, usually silicon.
what are integrated circuits commonly known as
silicon chips
What are some key factors about laptops?
-some components are left off to help keep size and weight down
-relatively fragile
-expensive to upgrade or repair
what is proprietary hardware
Proprietary hardware is computer hardware whose interface is controlled by the proprietor, often under patent or trade-secret protection.
What are some examples of operating systems that a personal computer can run simultaneously?
-VMWare Fusion
-Parallels
-VirtualBox
Large servers can virtualize how many machines?
thousands
special purpose embedded computers can perform what tasks in everyday life?
examples could be:
-controlling the temperature and humidity
-monitoring your heart rate
-monitoring your house security system
