CSD Quiz 4 Flashcards
Vibrations Definition
Periodic motion of molecules from a state of rest.
What do vibrations consist of?
rarefactions and compressions of molecules
What are the two types of vibrations/waves?
Longitudinal and Transverse
What are longitudinal waves?
Longitudinal waves produce compressions and rarefactions which change pressure and intensity as they pass through a medium.
MOVES LEFT TO RIGHT
What are transverse waves?
Transverse waves consist of cresta and troughs as they propagate through solids with no variation in pressure or density of the medium
MOVES UP AND DOWN
What is intensity? How is it related to loudness? What is the unit of measurement of intensity?
Loudness is the amplitude or the intensity of vibration. Intensity and loudness are measured in varied units.
What is frequency? How is it related to pitch? What is the unit of measurement of frequency?
Pitch is the frequency of vibration, measured in Hertz (Hz) which is a cycle per second (cps)
Three types of hearing loss
Conductive hearing loss
Sensorineural hearing loss
Mixed hearing loss
Which parts of the ear are affected in each type of hearing loss?
Conductive hearing loss- outer or middle ear
Sensorineural hearing loss- inner ear or beyond
Mixed hearing loss- all parts of ear
What are some examples of causes for each type of loss?
Conductive hearing loss- Microtia, Atresia, Cerumen, Otitis media.
Sensorineural hearing loss- aplasia, syndromes and infections ex. Rubella or meningitis, ototoxicity, NIHL, and Presbycusis
Mixed hearing loss- both conductive hearing loss and sensorineural hearing loss.
What do we know about the treatability of the distinct types of hearing losses?
Conductive- usually treatable
Sensorineural- usually permanent, not medically treatable
Mixed- never completely treatable.
Which classification of sensorineural hearing loss is of interest to CSD professionals who work with children?
Prelingual or post lingual
What are the two types of threshold shifts? When might they occur and how might they change over time?
Temporary Threshold Shifts and Permanent Threshold Shifts.
Temporary occurs after exposure to intense noise. Permanent occurs after consistent exposure to intense noise.
Temporary has chance to become permanent.
How is acoustic trauma caused? How does acoustic trauma show upon an audiogram?
Acoustic trauma is NIHL from impulsive sounds ex. Truck Drivers, Hunters
Typical acoustic notch on audiogram (from 4k-6k Hz)
Which instrument is used to measure noise exposure? What might it tell us?
Sound level meter or dosimeter. Tells us the sound intensity at any given moment.
What are the three ways to control noise? Think of two distinct examples in which each of the ways to control can be used.
Three ways to control noise are control at source, control transmission, and protect at ear level.
Control at source- Modify equipment to reduce vibrations and maintain quieter machines.
Control transmission- putting carpet in rooms to absorb sound, closing the window to create a barrier between noise outside and inside.
Protect at ear level- ear plugs and turn down the volume.
Presbycusis-
Age Induced Hearing Loss
How should one talk with someone who has presbycusis?
Speak slower rather than louder with these people.
How can an audiologist help people with presbycusis?
Use hearing aid: body aid, BTE ITC ITE CIC, Eyeglass, BC
BTE- Behind the ear
ITC- In the canal ITE- In the ear CIC- Completely in the canal
AC
Air Conduction Thresholds
BC
Bone Conduction Thresholds
CPS
Cycles per second
dB
decibels
EPD
Ear Protection Device
HF
High Frequency
LF
Low Frequency
NIHL
Noise Induced Hearing Loss
TTS
Temporary Threshold Shift
PTS
Permanent Threshold Shift
Microtia
Small, malformed pinna or ear canal
Atresia
complete closure of canal at pinna or beyond
ceruman
wax
otitis media
middle ear inflammations/infections
Standard for noise exposure
85 dBA for 8 hours
if you up loudness by 3 dB cut time in half
CAPD
Central Auditory Processing Disorders
What do CAPD affect?
Typically affects brainstem pathways/ auditory cortex
Hearing thresholds may be normal, but ability to use and interpret auditory information is lost
