cscs ? Flashcards
The deltoid is primarily responsible for which sagittal plane motion?
Extension
or
Flexion
Flexion
What macronutrient leads to the most dominant thermic effect of food intake?
Carbohydrates or Fats or Protein
Protein
An athlete tenses and relaxes specific muscle groups and cycles through each body area while taking deep, controlled inhalations and exhalations. This is known as:
Progressive muscular relaxation
A coach informs his athlete on the time the athlete took to complete the T-drill. What category best describes this ?
Knowledge of results
A coach calling a time-out in-game before the opposing team kicks a field goal is attempting to manipulate what?
Selective attention
The process of gas exchange in the alveolar-capillary membrane is known as:
Diffusion
Exchange of nutrients between blood and tissues occurs in which of the following structures?
Capillaries
Which of the following muscles assists in elbow flexion?
Biceps brachii (short and long heads)
Suggests that optimal performance occurs at an intermediate level of arousal while both low and high levels of arousal will result in impaired performance
The Inverted U
Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system results in?
Increased heart rate
Which connective tissue within a muscle pulls on the tendon during contraction?
Perimysium
Which muscle stabilizes the hip in the frontal plane during squatting movements?
Gluteus medius
Which muscle is the prime mover for flexion of the humerus during sagittal plane horizontal pushing?
Pectoralis major
Which enzyme catalyzes the reaction that occurs during the contraction phase?
Myosin ATPase
MyPlate’s weekly recommendation for dark green vegetables is what for females?
1.5 cups
Goals that are specific actions of performing. For example, aiming to study for 2 hours after dinner every day . These goals are 100% controllable by the individual.
Process goals
What feedback timing impairs learning but enhances immediate performance?
Feedback provided concurrent (simultaneously) to the task.
The majority of sporting movements involve which type of joint?
Synovial joints
On an ECG, which of the following represents ventricular repolarization?
T-wave
What goal is not considered an arousal control technique?
Process goals
most often found at the proximal end of a muscle
directly affixed to the bone
usually over a wide area so that force is distributed rather than localized.
fleshy attachments
An athlete is told to squat to a specific depth without further direction. This is known as:
Discovery
Which type of phosphorylation occurs in the electron transport chain?
Oxidative
The replenishment of ATP is accomplished through which of the following processes?
Phosphorylation
What nutrients is not typically deficient in most populations?
Unsaturated fat
Instructing an athlete on the overall movement goal and important prompts, without specific instruction for task completion is known as:
Guided discovery
What tendon insertion to the joint provides an advantage in speed-dependent sports… closer or further?
Insertion closer to the joint
Breaking down tasks into subcomponents with clear breaks between each is known as:
Segmentation
Rotational work is a function of what two factors?
Angular displacement & Torque
What levers by definition operates at a mechanical disadvantage?
Third-class
It occurs in glycolysis when sufficient O2 is available?
Pyruvate shuttled to mitochondria
Most muscles operate at a mechanical advantage of which of the following?
Less than 1.0
What isomer of glucose is typically found in candy and sports drinks?
Dextrose
What chemical is rapidly depleted during anaerobic exercise?
Creatine phosphate
What muscle acts as a synergist during deep squatting to counteract hip flexion?
Gluteus maximus
Which compound produces more net ATP during substate-level phosphorylation?
Glycogen
A first-class lever has what characteristics?
mechanical advantage or disadvantage
acts on the opposite side of fulcrum as the resistive force
Which PRACTICE structure is best for challenging tasks with low interrelatedness of the subcomponents?
Part practice
In the power clean, an athlete practices the first pull, then adds the transition and practices both together, then the second pull, and finally adds the catch. Only the first pull is practiced in isolation. This is known as what type of training
Progressive-part training or Pure-part training or Repetitive part training
Repetitive part training
Practicing the power clean by doing:
the first pull and transition seperately, combining them, then practicing the second pull seperately and combining the three, then practicing the catch seperately before combining all components is known as:
Progressive-part training
Practicing variations of the same skill within a single practice is known as:
Variable practice
What is the definition of power?
Work/time
The LT and OBLA may be caused by ?
Increased recruitment of large motor units
What factors are used to calculate torque?
Length of the moment arm & the magnitude of applied force
Early gains in an athlete’s strength are due primarily to what 2 factors?
Faster rate coding
&
Greater recruitment
Muscles with a greater pennation angle tend to have what characteristics?
Greater maximum force, lower maximal shortening velocity
How do you Calculate the positive work performed and the power output when lifting a barbell straight upwards using the following numbers:
Local Gravity: 9.8 m/s2
Barbell weight = 50kg
Vertical Displacement = 1.5 meters
Desired Acceleration rate = 1 m/s2
Time needed to fully lift bar = 2 seconds
Work = 540 J, power = 270 W
What hormones is permissive?
Thyroid
permissive (optional)
Nonbinding hormone blocking a receptor’s primary binding site… is an ex of what type of binding?
Allosteric binding
What event will be most limited by drop in cellular pH?
400m dash
pg. 58
What can lead to downregulation?
Maximum muscle protein added to muscle fiber
Pg. 69
Give a true statement about hormonal adaptations?
Only activated fibers are subject to adaptations
84-85
Is Progesterone an anabolic hormone?
Yes or No
No
Which is true?
I. Testosterone binding to receptor key to stimulating anabolic function
II. Growth hormone has a synergistic effect with testosterone
III. Testosterone binds to receptors inside the cell and on the cell surface
All of them
74-75
Athletes should consume how many carbs following post-workout to ensure muscle glycogen repletion?
0.7-3.0g carbohydrate per kilo of body weight every 2-3 hours
56
Glycogen depletion during moderate and high-intensity exercise primarily occurs in what type of tissue :
Muscle tissue
56
Adding sprints at the end of practice due to lack of hustle during practice… is an example of what type of punishment ?
positive punishment
163
Calcification of blood vessels and heart tissue is associated with excess consumption of what vitamin?
Vitamin D
192-193
An athlete with normal IGF levels will see what:
IGF level unchanged
80-81
Which chemicals prevent hormone-degradation during transit?
Binding proteins
69
What level does not typically drop during high-intensity exercise?
Blood glucose
56
“Assessing the environment and the elements within it” is a characteristic of WHAT TYPE OF FOCUS:
Broad External Focus
What vitamins is associated with liver damage when taken in excess amounts?
Vitamin A
Steroid hormones are primarily produced in which organs
Adrenal cortex & Gonads
70-71
Give an example of an activity that results in the greatest EPOC?
10 total sets @ 80-90% 1RM
58
What substance begins the process of producing steroid-promoted proteins?
mRNA
70-71
What 2 types of reinforcement are the most effective ways for encouraging a desired behavior:
Positive & Negative reinforcement
163
Focusing on the task with less focus on the details of movement characterizes what stage?
Associative Stage
164
What nutrients is the most energy-dense?
Intramuscular fatty acids
186-190
An athlete recovering from a traumatic injury during play would benefit from ______________ ______________.
Systematic desensitization
165
During aerobic exercise, EPOC is most affected by:
Intensity
57-58
What hormone relies on secondary messengers to initiate DNA transcription?
growth hormone or IGFs or Thyroid hormones
Growth Hormone
77
What is the first step of General Adaptation Syndrome?
Alarm Reaction
66
What are the 3 processes that occurs during muscle tissue remodeling?
I. Damage to muscle fibers
II. Inflammation response
IV. Synthesis of new protein
66
Is Pica associated with anemia? Yes or No
Yes
194-195
Is Decreased BMD associated with anemia? Yes or No
No
194-195
What hormone is synthesized form amino acids?
Serotonin
72
The processes of hormone receptors becoming less responsive is known as what:
Downregulation
70
Elevated cortisol levels are cause by what:
Increased proteolytic enzyme levels
83
To increase iron absorption, athletes should consume plant-based iron with what:
Vitamin C
194
Immediate elevation of IGF occurs with acute anaerobic training?
True or False
False
102-103
Following anaerobic training, what adaptation should be expected?
Increased T-tubule density
90
Improved ventilation efficiency is shown in trained individuals. true or False
False
104
Resistance exercise is limited by ventilation rate. T/F
True
104
Approximately how long does it take for detraining to begin in terms of strength adaptations?
4 weeks
110-111
What 3 neural adaptations occur as a result of anaerobic training?
I. Increased AGONIST recruitment
III. Increased FIRING RATE
IV. Decreased INHIBITORY mechanisms
88-90
What theory says that “arousal’s effect on performance depends on the individual’s interpretation of arousal”?
Reversal theory
161
Low-moderate loads do not change the collagen content of connective tissue
T/F
True
101-102
Strenuous exercise causes degenerative disease when progressively overloaded
T/F
False
101-102
What is the connective tissue that converges with the tendons?
Fascia
99-100
What theory proposes that optimal performance occurs in a small range of arousal level depending on multiple psychological factors?
Individual zones of optimal functioning
161
What is the long-term effect of anaerobic training on resting hormone levels?
Resting hormone levels unaffected
103
What is the maximum increase in tidal volume associated with aerobic exercise?
3.0L
118
Give an example of variable practice?
Practicing a body punch then practicing a head punch
170-171
An athlete displaying decreased performance, increased resting heart rate, and altered immune function is likely suffering from :
functional overreaching
or
non-functional overreaching
Non-functional overreaching
107
Which of the following is the biggest contributor to TDEE?
BMR/RMR
216
What is the approximate amount of oxygen carrying capacity per 100mL of blood in men?
20mL
120
What formula represents the rate pressure product of oxygen consumption by the heart?
Heart rate * systolic blood pressure
117
Give 3 acute cardiovascular responses to aerobic training?
I. Increased cardiac output
II. Increased stroke volume
III. Increased heart rate
116
What biomarker of hydration status is most practical for acute hydration status?
Body weight
What protein is responsible for allowing some stretch to occur in the ligaments?
Elastin
100
personality disposition towards perceiving an environment as threatening is known as:
Trait anxiety
158
What best describes a sudden drop in performance due to cognitive anxiety and physical arousal?
Catastrophe theory
161
How is the majority of CO2 removed from cells transported for exhalation?
Bicarbonate ions
120
Acute cardiovascular responses to resistance training include what two things:
I. Elevated blood pressure
IV. Increased stroke volume
103-104
What adjustments occur after 3-6 weeks days at altitude (>1,200 m above sea-level)?
Increased hemoglobin formation
127
Which of the following endocrine adaptations does not occur from aerobic training?
A. Increased IGF
B. Decreased circulating testosterone in men
Decreased circulating testosterone in men
123
Which of the following is not a muscle structure adaptation to anaerobic training?
- Decreased cytoplasmic density
- Larger pennation angle
Decreased cytoplasmic density
90
Where does gas exchange occur in the pulmonary system?
Alveoli
118
Which of the following is most negatively affected by aerobic training?
Hypertrophy
Maximum power
Maximum power
105
What is the maximal cardiac output possible in liters during intense activity?
20-22L/min
116
What TDEE EQUATION accounts for LEAN BODY MASS?
Cunningham
216-217
refers to increased end-diastolic volume stretching the myocardial fibers resulting in increased systolic injection?
Frank-Starling mechanism
117-118
What is the maximum possible % proportion of cardiac output to muscle tissue during exercise?
90 %
118
Calculate the BMI for an individual weighing 80kg with a height of 200cm.
20
219
A boxer practicing a jab, then a jab-cross, followed by a jab-cross-hook is an example of what type of training?
Progressive-part training
170-171
Use the Fick Equation to calculate the oxygen uptake in mLkg-1min-1 using the following numbers:
Fick Equation = Q * a-vO2
HR = 80 bpm
Stroke volume = 65mL
Arteriovenous difference = 6mL O2/100mL blood
Weight = 85kg
3.67
117
Anaerobic training enhancement of the elastic properties of muscle and connective tissue to increase force is known as what type of activation :
Increased myotatic reflex activation
92
