Csapo Written Flashcards
Who Used Hindu Rhythms?
Messiaen
Pierrot Lunaire Performance Force?
Flute, Clar, Violin, Cello, Piano, Soprano, Schoenberg 19012, Not 12 tone!!!
first 12 tone piece and date?
Schoenberg’s Suite for Piano op 25, 1924
Who was henry Cowell?
“The Banshee (1925), the Tides of Manuaun, both use piano clusters. Altered New and Prepared isntruments.
Messiaens modes of limited transposition?
scales from balinese and Javanese cultrues.
1) WT scale
2) Oct scale
3) TSS TSS TSS
4) ss m3 sss m3 s
5) S M3 SS M3 S
6) TT SS TT SS
7) SSSTSSSSTS
Concepts for studying? (Punch who twice?)
Pitch Logic, time, sound, texture, process, perf. ritual, parody. Technology, Notation.
Explain Kreuzpiel
Stockhausen, 1951, Total Serialsim, section 1: high to low pitch exchange, and at mid-point, then goes retrograde.
Section 2: Mid register expands to extremes then returns,.
Section 3: Both take place simultaneously and then in retrograde.
What is metric modulation? Give and Example, then provide two more examples of Elliot Carter’s Works.
Metric modulation allows one tempo to mesh into another.
1) Sonata for Flute, Oboe, Cello, and Harpsichord.
2) Sonata for Cello and Piano 1948
3) String Quartet No. 1 (1951)
Explain 5 unique aspects of Lukas Foss’s “Time Cycle”
(1959), Short Melodic Cells in Canon, Declamation in the Singer part, Clocklike sounds, Dissonant intervals, Orchestra speaks.
Who wrote Agon?
Stravinsky, Ballet. A Contest. Transition piece from Tonal to Atonal, uses sets of 12 pitches but still uses neoclassical elements. 12 movements, 4 groups of 3.
What is Rhythmic Structure? Give an example.
All in classical binary form!
Sonata 1 = ratio of 4:3, 28 quarter notes precede the focal point a 7/4 measure (which is divided into 4+3), and 21 beats follow it, the Duration of the entire first section exceeds that of the second by 4:3 (56 beats to 42).
Sonata 5 = ratio 4:5, This ratio determines the relative length of the two sections (18 and 221/2 measures), and the internal subdivisions within the section. The 18 measures are grouped as 2 groups of 9 (4+5).
Music of Changes: Notation, Developments, Contrast from Sonatas and Interludes…?
A) Cage, 1951, anti-romantic stance of objectifying music through the use of chance.
Aimed to reduce his own influence on a work.
“Indian Aesthetic principle” that art should imitate nature in its manner of operation.
“Zen Buddhist’s” No separation between art and Life.
B) Notation: Includes metronome markings, barlines, and meter. NO note values or rests.Each 4/4 measure occupies the same graphic space. The placement of musical events are determined by the pianist.
C) Pitches, percussive sounds, durations, amplitude, tempo, etc…are derived by tossing a coin which is based on a list of choices determined by the Oracle Book “I Ching”.
D) Similarities to Sonatas…
1) Traditional Western Instrument transformed. 2) also uses predetermined time structures. Sounds, Rhythmic values and Dynamics (arrived at randomly) are placed within a framework of proportions. 3:5:63/4:63/4:5:31/8 = 295/8. This series determines the number of measures before a tempo change. Also large scale divisions, 295/8 sections grouped into 4 movements.
