CSA 2 Exam Flashcards
General Tenderness
Caused by I’s & T’s
- inflammation
- infection
- tumor
- trauma
Tenderpoints
a specific point which exhibits acute tenderness when probed
Looking for changes in
- fascia
- muscle tendrils
- CT
- nerve fibers
- changes in vascular elements
Tender points are…
a sign of somatic dysfunction
we do not treat tender points
we treat somatic dysfunction
Treatment of Somatic Dysfunction
diagnosed by tender points
Treat
- most tender one
- if more than one, treat most central one
- treat most significant first
what initiates somatic dysfunction?
muscle spindle reflex
nociceptors
nocifensive reflexes
why and how is somatic dysfunction maintained?
guarding mechanism to protect from further damage
at spinal cord level or at higher CNS levels
Who described strain/counterstain?
Lawrence Jones DO
What is counterstrain?
a passive positional OMT that places a segment in a position of comfort
an indirect treatment to restore/reset nociceptive and proprioceptive activity
When was counterstrain described?
1955 by Lawrence Jones
published in 1964 in JAOA as “Spontaneous Release by Positioning”
What is the main diagnostic criteria for counterstrain?
Tenderness
What is the minimum resolution we want?
70%
Why do we return the patient back to neutral slowly?
to prevent re-inciting the nociceptive reflex
What happens during the 90 secs treat?
holding the muscle in a shortened position decreases the proprioceptive and mechanoreceptive input
allows CNS to reset normal resting length and tension parameters
Advantages of Counterstrain
non-traumatic
easy, safe, effective
Disadvantages
takes time
treatment reactions lasting up to 24-36 hours
