CS_Topics_Subject Wise

Question 1

Anthropology–Meaning, Scope and development-1

Answer 1

1.1 Meaning, Scope and development of Anthropology.1.2 Relationships with other disciplines : Social Sciences,behavioural Sciences, Life Sciences, MedicalSciences, Earth Sciences and Humanities.1.3 Main branches of Anthropology, their scope andrelevance:(a) Social-cultural Anthropology.(b) Biological Anthropology.(c) Archaeological Anthropology.(d) Linguistic Anthropology.1.4 Human Evolution and emergence of Man :(a) Biological and Cultural factors in humanevolution.(b) Theories of Organic E vol uti on (Pre-Darwinian,Darwinian and Post-Darwinian).(c) Synthetic theory of evolution; Brief outline ofterms and concepts of evolutionary biology(Doll’s rule, Cope’s rule, Gause’s rule,parallelism, convergence, adaptive radiation,and mosaic evolution).1.5 Characteristics of Primates; Evolutionary Trend andPrimate Taxonomy; Primate Adaptations; (Arborealand Terrestrial) Primate Taxonomy; PrimateBehaviour; Tertiary and Quaternary fossil primates;Living Major Ptimates; Comparative Anatomy of Manand Apes; Skeletal changes due to erect posture andiL<> implications.1.6 Phylogenetic status, characteristics andgeographical distribution of the following:(a) Plio-preleistocene hominids in South and EastAfrica-Austral opi thee ines.(b) Homo erectus: A (rica (Paranthrovus ), Europe(Homo erectus (heidelbergensis), Asia (Homoerectus iavanicus, Homo erectus pekinensis.(c) Neanderthal man-La-chapelle-aux-saints(Cla

Question 2

Anthropology–Meaning, Scope and development-1

Answer 2

2.1 The Nature of Culture : The concept andCharacteris ti cs of c ul ture and ci vi l ization ;Elhnocenuaism vis-a-vis cultural Relativism.2.2 The Natmae of Society : Concept of Society; Societyand Culture; Social Institution; Social groups; andSocial stratification.2.3 Marriage : Definition and uni versality; Laws ofmarriage (endogamy, exogamy, hypergamy,h ypogamy, incest taboo); Type of marriage(monogamy, polygamy, polyandry, group marriage).Functions of marriage; Marriage reg ula tions(preferential, prescriptive and proscriptive); Marriagepayments (bride wealth and dowry).2.4 Family : Definition and universality; Family,household and domestic groups; functions of family;Types of family (from the perspectives of structure,blood re lation, marriage, residence and succession);Impact of urbanization, indusuaializati on and feministmovemenLc; on family.2.5 Kinship : Consanguinity andAffinity; Principles andtypes of descent (Unilinea l, Double, BilateralAmbilineal); Forms of descent groups (lineage, clan,phrauay, moiety and kindred); Kinship terminology(descriptive and classificatory); Descent, Filiationand Complimentary Filiation;Decent and Alliance.Anthropology 2

Question 3

3. Economic Organization :

Answer 3

Meaning, scope andrelevance of economic anlhropology; FormalisL andS ub sLanLi vi sL debaLe; Principles governingproducti on, di sLribution and exchange (reciprociLy,redisuaibution and markel), in communi Lies, subsistingon huming and gaLhering, fishing, swiddening,pas Lo rali sm, honicullure, and agricullure;globaliLaLion and indigenous economic sysLems.Anthropology 3

Question 4

4. PoJiticaJ Organization and Socia] Control :

Answer 4

Band,tribe, chiefdom, kingdom and state; concepts ofpower, authori ty and legitimacy; social control, lawand justice in simple Societies.Anthropology 4

Question 5

5. Religion :

Answer 5

Anthropological approaches to the studyof religion (evolutionary, psycholog ical andfunctional); monotheism and polytheism; sacred andprofane; myths and rituals; forms of religion in tribaland peasant Societies (animism, animalism, fetishism,naturism and totemism); religion, magic and sciencedistingui shed; magico-religious functionaries (priest,shaman, medicine man, sorcerer and witch).Anthropology 5

Question 6

6. Anthtaopological theories :

Answer 6

(a) Classical evolutionism (Tylor, Morgan andFra.Ler)(b) Histori cal particulari sm (Boas) Diffusionism(British, German and American)(c) F unctionalism (Malinowski) ; Structural-Function) ism (Radcliffe-Brown)(d) Suaucturalism (L’evi-Suaauss and E. Leach)(e) Culture and personality (Benedict, Mead,Linton, Kardiner and Cora-duBois)(1) Neo-evolulionism (Childe, White, Steward,Sahlins and Service)(g) Cultural matelialism (Hanis)(h) Symbolic and interpretive theories (Turner,Schneider and Geertz)(i) Cognitive theories (Tyler, Conklin)G) Post-modemism in anthropoloyg.Anthropology 6

Question 7

7. Culture, Language and Communication:

Answer 7

Nalure, origin and characterist.ics of language; verbaland non- verbal communicaLion; social conLex oflang uage use.Anthropology 7

Question 8

8. Research methods inAnthropology :

Answer 8

(a) Fieldwork LradiLion in anthropology(b) DisLincLion beLween Lechnique, method andmeLhodology(c) Tools of daLa collecLion: observaLion, inLerview,schedules, quesLionnaire, case sLudy, genealogy,life-hisLory, oral hisLory, secondary sources ofinformaLion, parLicipaLory meLhod<>.(d) Analysis, imerpreLaLion and presenLaLion of daLa.Anthropology 8

Question 9

9.Anthropology- Human Genetics

Answer 9

9.1 Human Genetics : Methods and Application :Melhod

Question 10

10. ConceptofhumangrowthandDevelopment -1:

Answer 10

Stagesof growlh-pre-nalal, nalal, infanl, childhood,adolescence, maLuriLy, senescence.-Faclors affecling growlh and developmenl genelic,environmental, biochemical, nulrilional, cullural andsocio-economic.-Ageing and senescence. Theories andobservalions-Biological and chronological longevily. Humanphysique and somalolypes. Melhodologies forgrowlh sludies.Anthropology 10

Question 11

11. ConceptofhumangrowthandDevelopment -2:

Answer 11

11.1 Relevance of menarche, menopause andother bioevenLs Lo fertilely. fertilely poorness anddifferentials.11.2 Demographic Lheories-biological, social and cullural.11.3 Biological and socio-ecological facLors influencingfecundiLy, ferLiliLy, naLaliLy andmorLaliLy.Anthropology 11

Question 12

12. Applications of Anthropology :

Answer 12

Anthropology ofsporls, Nulrilional anlhropology, Anlhroplogy indesigning of defence and other equipmenL<>, ForensicAnLhroplogy, MeLhods and principles of personalidenLificaLion and reconslruclion, Applied humangeneLics-Palernily diagnosis, genetic counsellingand eugenics, DNA Lechnology in diseases andmedicine, serogeneLics and cyLogeneLics inreproduclive biology.Anthropology 12

Question 13

13-Evolution ofthe Indian Culture and Civilization

Answer 13

1.1 Evolution ofthe Indian Culture and CivilizationPrehistoric(Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic andNeolithic-Chalcolithic), Protohistoric (IndusCivilization). Pre-Harappan, Harappan and postHarappancultures. Contributions of the tribalcultures to Indian civilization.1.2 Palaeo-Anlhropological evidences from Indiawith special reference to Siwaliks and Narmada basin(Ramapithecus, Sivapithecus and Narmada Man).1.3. Ethno-archaeology in India: The concept of ethnoarchaeology;Survivals and Parallels among thehunting, foraging, fishing, pastoral and peasantcommunities including arts and crafts producingcommunities.Anthropology 13

Question 14

2.Demographic profile of lndia-

Answer 14

Ethnic and linguisticelements in Lhe Indian population and theirdistribution. Indian population-factors influencingits structure and growlh.Anthropology 14

Question 15

3.The structure and nature of traditional India-

Answer 15

3.1 The structure and nature of traditional Indian socialsystem-Vamashram, Purushartha, Karma, Rinaand Rebirth.3.2 Caste system in India- S trucLure and characteristicsVarna and caste, Theories of origin of caste system,Dominant caste, Caste mobility, Future of castesystem, Jajmani system. Tribe-case continuum.3.3 Sacred Complex andNature-Man-SpiritComplex.3.4. Impact of Buddhism, Jainism, Islam and Christianityof Indian society.Anthropology 15

Question 16

4. Emergence, growth and development in lndia-

Answer 16

Contribulions of the 18th, 19th and early 20th Centuryscholar-administraLOrs. Contribu tions of IndiananthropologisL<> to tribal and caste studies.Anthropology 16

Question 17

5. Significane of village study in India-

Answer 17

5.1 Indian Village-Significane of village study in India;Indian village as a social system; Traditional andchanging patterns of settlement and inter-casterelations; Agrarian relations in Indian villages; Impactof globali z.a ti on on Indian villages.5.2 Linguistic and religious minorities and their social,political and economic status.5.3 Indigenous and exogenous processes of socioculturalchange in Indian society: Sanskritization,Westernization, Modemization; Inter-play ofliule andgreat uaaditions; Panchayati Raj and social change;Media and Social change.Anthropology 17

Question 18

6. Tribal situation in India

Answer 18

6.1 Tribal situation in India-Bio-genet.ic variability,linguistic and socio-economic characterist.ics of thetribal populat.ions and their distribution.6.2 Problems of the tribal Communities-Landalienation, poverty, indebtedness, low literacy, pooreducational facilities, unemployment, underemployment,health and nutrit.ion.6.3 Developmental projects and their impact on tribaldisplacement and problems of rehabilitation.Development of forest policy and tribals. Impact ofurbanisation and industrialization on tribalpopulations.Anthropology 18

Question 19

7. Problems of exploita.t.ion and deprivation of

Answer 19

7.1 Problems of exploita.t.ion and deprivation ofScheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and OtherBackward Classes. Constitutional safeguards forScheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes.7.2 Social change and contemporary tribal societies :Impact of modern democratic institutions,development programmes and welfare measures ontribals and weaker sections.7.3 The concept of elhnicity; Ethnic conOicL

Question 20

8.Impact of Religions on-

Answer 20

8.1 Impact of Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, Islamand oLher religions on tribal societies.8.2 Tribe and nation sLate-a comparative study of tribalcommunities in India and other countries.Anthropology 20

Question 21

9.History of administration of tribal areas

Answer 21

9.1 History of administration of tribal areas. tribal policies,plans, programmes of tribal development and theirimplementation. The concept of PTGs (PrimitiveTribal Groups), their distribution, special programmesfor their development. Role of N.G.O.s in tribaldevelopment.9.2 Role of anthropology in tribal and rural development.9.3 Contributions of anthropology to the understandingof regionalism, communalism and ethnic andpolilicalmovemenL<>.Anthropology 21

Question 22

1. Sources

Answer 22

Archaeological sources :Exploration, excavation, epigraphy, numismatics,monuments.Literary sources:Indigenous: Primary and secondary; poetry, scientific1iterature, 1iterature, 1iterature in regional languages, re1igiousliterature.Foreign account: Greek, Chinese and Arab writers.History 1

Question 23

2. Pre-history and Proto-history :

Answer 23

Geographical factors; hunting and gathering (paleolithicand meso1ithic); Beginning of agriculture (neolithic andcha1co1ithic).History 2

Question 24

3. Indus Valley Civilization:

Answer 24

Origin, date, extent, characteristics-decline, survival andsigniticance, art and architecture.History 3

Question 25

4. Megalithic Cultures :

Answer 25

Distribution of pastoral and fanning cultures outsidethe Indus, Development of community life, Settlements,Development of agriculture, Crafts, Pottery, and Iron industry.History 4

Question 26

5.Aryans and Vedic Period:

Answer 26

Expansions of Aryans in India:Vedic Period: Religious and philosophic literarure;Transfonnation from Rig Vedic period to the later Vedic period;Political, social and economical life; Significance of the VedicAge; Evolution of Monarchy and Varna system.History 5

Question 27

6. Period ofMahajanapadas:

Answer 27

Formation of States (Mahajanapada): Republics andmonarchies; Rise of urban centres; Trade routes; Economicgrowth; Introduction of coinage; Spread of Jainism andBuddism; Rise of Magadha and Nand as.Iranian and Mecedonian invasions and their impact.History 6

Question 28

7. Mauryan Empire:

Answer 28

Foundation of the Mauryan Empire, Chandragupta,Kautilya and Arthashastra; Ashoka; Concept of Dharma;Edicts; Polity. Administration, Economy; Art, architecture andsculpture; External contacts; Religion; Spread of religion;Literature.Disintegration of the empire; sungas and Kanvas.History 7

Question 29

8. Post-Mauryan Period (Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Kushanas,Western Kshatrapas):

Answer 29

Contact with outside world; growth of urban centres,economy, coinage, development of religions, Mahayana, socialconditions, art, architecture, culture, literature and science.History 8

Question 30

9. Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South India:

Answer 30

Kharave]a, The Satavahanas, Tamil States of the Sang amAge; Administration, Economy, ]and grants, coinage, tradegui1ds and urban centres; Buddhist centres; Sangam 1iteratureand culture; Art and architecture.History 9

Question 31

10. Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas:

Answer 31

Polity and administration, Economic conditions, Coinageof the Guptas, Land grants, Decline of urban centres, Indianfeudalism, Caste system, Position of women, Education andeducational institutions; Nalanda, Vikramshila and Vallabhi,Literature, scientitlc literature, art and architecture.History 10

Question 32

11. Regional States during Gupta Era:

Answer 32

The Kadambas, Pa11avas, Chalukyas of Badami; Polityand Administration, Trade guilds, Literature; growth ofVaishnava and Saiva religions. Tamil Bhakit movement,Shankaracharya; Vedanta; Institutions of temple and templearchitecture; Palas, Senas, Rashtrakutas, Paramaras, Polity andadministration; Cultural aspects. Arab conquest of Sind;Alberuni, The Chaluky as of Kalyana, Cholas, Hoysalas,Pandyas; Polity and Administration; Local Government;Growth of art and architecture, religious sects, Institution oftemple and Mathas, Agraharas, education and literature,economy and society.History 11

Question 33

12. Themes in Early Indian Cultural History:

Answer 33

Languages and texts, major stages in the evolution ofart and architecture, major philosophical thinkers and schools,ideas in Science and Mathematics.History 12

Question 34

13. Early Medieval India, 750-1200:

Answer 34

-Polity: Major political developments in Northern Indiaand the peninsula, origin and the rise of Rajputs.-The Cho1as: administration, vi11age economy andsociety “Indian Feuda1ism”.-Agrarian economy and urban settlements.-Trade and commerce.-Society: the status of the Brahman and the new socialorder.-Condition of women.-Indian science and technology.History 13

Question 35

14. Cultural Traditions in India, 750-1200:

Answer 35

-Philosophy: Skankaracharya and Vedanta, Ramanuja andVishishtadvaita, Madhva and Brahma-Mimansa.-Religion: Forms and features of religion, Tamil devotionalcult, growth of Bhakti, Islam and its arrival in India,Sutism.-Literature: Literature in Sanskrit, growth of Tamilliterature, literature in the newly developing languages,Ka1han’s Rajtarangini, A1beruni’s India .-Art and Architecture: Temple architecture, sculpture,painting.History 14

Question 36

15. The Thirteenth Century:

Answer 36

-Establishment of the Delhi Sultanate: The Ghurianinvasions - factors behind Ghurian success.-Economic, Social and cultural consequences.-Foundation of Delhi Sultanate and early Turkish Sultans.-Consolidation: The rule of lltutmish and BalbanHistory 15

Question 37

16. The Fourteenth Century:

Answer 37

-“The Khalji Revolution”.- Alauddin Khalji: Conquests and territorial expansion,agrarian and economic measure.-Muhammad Tughluq: Major projects, agrarian measures,bureaucracy of Muhammad Tughluq.- Firuz Tugluq: Agrarian measures, achievements in civilengineering and public works, decline ofthe Sultanate,foreign contacts and Ibn Battuta’s account.History 16

Question 38

17. Society, Culture and Economy in the Thirteenth andFourteenth Centuries:

Answer 38

-Society: composition of rural society, ruling classes,town dwellers, women, religious classes, caste andslavery under the Sultanate, Bhakti movement, Sutimovement.-Culture: Persian literature, literature in the regionallanguages of North India, literaute in the languages ofSouth India, Sultanate architecture and new structuralforms, painting, evolution of a composite culture.-Economy: Agricultural Production, rise of urbaneconomy and non-agricultural production, trade andcommerce.History 17

Question 39

18. The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Century-PoliticalDevelopments and Economy:

Answer 39

-Rise of Provincial Dynasties: Bengal, Kashmir (ZainulAbedin), Gujarat.- Malwa, Bahmanids.-The Vijayanagara Empire.-Lodis.-Mughal Empire, first phase: Babur, Humayun.-The Sur Empire: Sher Shah’s administration.-Portuguese colonial enterprise, Bhakti and SufiMovements.History 18

Question 40

19. The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Century- Society andculture:

Answer 40

-Regional cultures specificities.-Literary traditions.-Provincial architectural.-Society, culture, literature and the arts in YijayanagaraEmpire.History 19

Question 41

20. Akbar:

Answer 41

-Conquests and consolidation of empire.-Establishment ofjaxir and mansah systems.-Raj put policy.-Evolution of religious and social outlook. Theory ofSullz-i-kul and religious policy.-Court patronage of art and technology.History 20

Question 42

21. Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century:

Answer 42

-Major administrative policies ofJahangir, Shahjahan andAurangzeb.-The Empire and the Zamindars.-Religious policies of Jahangir, Shahjahan andAurangzeb.-Nature of the Mughal State.-Late Seventeenth Century crisis and the revolts.- TheAhom kingdom.- Shivaji and the early Maratha Kingdom.History 21

Question 43

22. Economy and society, in the 16th and 17th Centuries:

Answer 43

-Population Agricultural and craft production.-Towns, commerce with Europe through Dutch, Englishand French companies : a trade revolution.-Indian mercanti1e classes. Banking, insurance and creditsystems.-Conditions of peasants, Condition of Women.-Evolution of the Sikh community and the Khalsa PanthHistory 22

Question 44

23. CultureduringMughalEmpire:

Answer 44

-Persian histories and other literature-Hindi and religious literatures.- Mugha1 architecture.- Mugha1 painting.-Provincia] architecture and painting.- C1assica1 music.-Science and technology.History 23

Question 45

24. The Eighteenth Century:

Answer 45

-Factors for the decline of the Mughal Empire.-The regional principa1ities: Nizam’s Deccan, Bengal,Awadh.- Maratha ascendancy under the Peshwas.-The Maratha fiscal and financial system.-Emergence of Afghan power Battle of Panipat, 1761.-State of, po1itica1, cultural and economic, on eve of theBritish conquest.History 24

Question 46

1. European Penetration into India:

Answer 46

The Early European Settlement~ ; The Portuguese andthe Dutch; The English and the French East lndiaCompanies; Their struggle for supremacy; CarnaticWars; Bengal-The cont1ict between the English and theNawabs of Bengal; Siraj and the English; The Battle ofPlassey; Significance of Plassey.History 25

Question 47

2. British Expansion in India:

Answer 47

Bengal-Mir Jafar and Mir Kasim; The Battle ofBuxar;Mysore; The Marathas; The three Anglo-Maratha Wars;The Punjab.History 26

Question 48

3. Early Structure of the British Raj:

Answer 48

The Early administrative structure; From diarchy todirect contol; The Regulating Act (1773 ); The Pitt’s IndiaAct (1784); The Charter Act (1833); The Voice offreetrade and the changing character of British colonial rule;The English utilitarian and India.History 27

Question 49

4. Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule:

Answer 49

(a) Land revenue settlement<> in British India; The PermanentSettlement; Ryotwari Settlement; Mahalwari Settlement;Economic impact of the revenue arrangemen ts;Commercialization of agriculture; Rise of landlessagrarian labourers; Impoverishment of the rural society.(b) Dislocation of traditional trade and commerce; Deindustrialisation;Decline of traditional crafts; Drain ofwealth; Economic transformation of India; Railroad andcommunication network including telegraph and postalservices; Famine and poverty in the rural interior;European business enterprise and its limitations.History 28

Question 50

5. Social and Cultural Developments:

Answer 50

The state of indigenous education, its dislocation;Orientalist-Anglicist controversy, The introduction ofwestern education in India; The rise of press, 1i teratureand public opinion; The rise of modem vernacularliterature; Progress of Science; Christian missionaryactivities in India.History 29

Question 51

6. Social and Religious Reform Movements in Bengal andOther Areas:

Answer 51

Ram Mohan Roy, T he Brahmo Moveme nt;Devendranath Tagore; Iswarchandra Vidyasagar; TheYoung Bengal Movement; Dayanada Saraswati ; Thesocial reform movement<> in India including Sati, widowremarriage, child marriage etc.; The contribution ofIndian renaissance to the growth of modem India;Islamic revivalism-the Feraizi and Wahabi Movements.History 30

Question 52

7. Indian Response to British Rule:

Answer 52

Peasant movement and tribal uprisings in the 18th and19th centuries including the Rangpur Dhing (1783 ), theKol Rebellion ( 1832), the Mopla Rebellion in Malabar(1841-1920), the Santa] Hul (1855), Indigo Rebellion(1859-60), Deccan Uprising (1875) and the MundaUlgulan (1899-1900); The Great Revolt of 1857 -Origin,character, casuses of failure, the consequences; Theshift in the character of peasant uprisings in the post-185 7 period; the peasant movements of the 1920s and1930s.History 31

Question 53

X. Factors leading to the birth of Indian Nationalism;

Answer 53

Politics of Association; The Foundation of the IndianNational Congress; The Safety-valve thesis relating tothe birth of the Congress; Programme and objectives ofEarly Congress; the social composition of earlyCongress leadership; the Moderates and Extremists;The Partition of Bengal ( 1905 ); The Swadeshi Movementin Bengal; the economic and political aspects ofSwadeshi Movement; The beginning of revolutionaryextremism in India.History 32

Question 54

9. Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism;

Answer 54

Gandhi’s popular appeal; Rowlatt Satyagraha; theKhilafat Movement; the Non-cooperation Movement;National politics from the end of the Non-cooperationmovement to the beginning of the Civil DisobedienceMovement; the two phases of the Civil DisobedienceMovement; Simon Commission; The Nehru Report; theRound Table Conferences; Nationalism and the PeasantMovements; Nationalism and Working classmovements; Women and Indian youth and students inIndian politics ( 1885-194 7); the election of 193 7 and theformation of ministries; Cripps Mission; the Quit IndiaMovement; the Wavell Plan; The Cabinet Mission.History 33

Question 55

10. Constitutional Developments in the Colonial India

Answer 55

between 1858 and 1935.History 34

Question 56

11. Other strands in the National Movement.

Answer 56

The Revolutionaries: Bengal, the Punjab, Maharashtra,U .P. the Madras Presidency, Outside India.The Left; The Left within the Congress: Jawahar1a1Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose, the Congress SocialistParty; the Communist Party oflndia, other left parties.History 35

Question 57

12. Politics of Separatism;

Answer 57

the Muslim League; the HinduMahasabha; Communalism and the politics of partition;Transfer of power; Independence.History 36

Question 58

13. Consolidation as a Nation;

Answer 58

Nehru’s Foreign Policy; Indiaand her ne ighbours (1947-1964 ); The linguisticreorganisation of States (1935-1947); Regionalism andregional inequality; Integration of Princely States;Princes in electoral politics; the Question of NationalLanguage.History 37

Question 59

14. Caste and Ethnicity after 1947;

Answer 59

Backward Castes andTribes in post-colonia] electoral politics; Da1itmovements.History 38

Question 60

15. Economic development and political change;

Answer 60

Land reforms; the politics of planning and rural reconstruction;Ecology and environmental policy in post-colonialIndia; Progress of Science.History 39

Question 61

16. Enlightenment and Modern ideas:

Answer 61

(i) Major Ideas of Enlightenment: Kant, Rousseau.(ii) Spread of Enlightenment in the colonies.(iii) Rise of socialist ideas (up to Marx); spread ofMarxian Socialism.History 40

Question 62

17. Origins of Modern Politics :

Answer 62

(i) European States System(ii) American Revolution and the Constitution(iii) French Revolution and Aftermath, 1789-1815(iv) American Civil War with reference to Abraham Lincolnand the abolition of slavery.(v) British Democratic politics, 1815-1850 :ParliamentaryReformers, Free Traders, Chartists.History 41

Question 63

18. Industrialization:

Answer 63

(i) English Industrial Revolution : Causes and Impact onSociety.(ii) Industrialization in other countries : USA, Germany,Russia, Japan.(iii) Industrialization and Globalization.History 42

Question 64

19. Nation-State System:

Answer 64

(i) Rise of Nationalism in 19th century.(ii) Nationalism: State-building in Gennany and ltaly.(iii) Disintegration of Empires in the face of the emergenceof nationalities across the World.History 43

Question 65

20. Imperialism and Colonialism :

Answer 65

(i) South and South-East Asia.(ii) Latin America and South Africa.(iii) Australia.(iv )Imperialism and free trade: Rise of neo-imperialism.History 44

Question 66

21. Revolution and Counter-Revolution:

Answer 66

(i) 19th Century European revolutions.(ii) The Russian Revolution of 1917-1921 .(iii) Fascist Counter-Revolution, ltaly and Germany.(iv) The Chinese Revolution of 1949.History 45

Question 67

22. World Wars:

Answer 67

(i) 1st and 2nd World Wars as Total Wars : Societalimplications.(ii) World War 1 : Causes and Consequences.(iii) World War ll : Causes and Consequences.History 46

Question 68

23. The World after World War II:

Answer 68

(i) Emergence of Two power blocs.(ii) Emergence of Third World and non-alignment(iii) UNO and the global disputes.History 47

Question 69

24. Liberation from Colonial Rule: :

Answer 69

(i) Latin America-Bolivar.(ii) Arab World-Egypt.(iii) Africa-Apartheid to Democracy.(iv) South-East Asia-Vietnam.History 48

Question 70

25. Decolonization and Underdevelopment:

Answer 70

(i) Factors constraining Development ; Latin America,Africa.History 49

Question 71

26. Unification of Europe :

Answer 71

(i) Post War Foundations ; NATO and EuropeanCommunity.(ii) Consolidation and Expansion of European Community(iii) European Union.History 50

Question 72

27. Disintegration of Soviet Union and the Rise of the Unipolar World:

Answer 72

(i) Factors leading to the co1lapse of Soviet Communismand Soviet Union, 1985-1991.(ii) Political Changes in East Europe 1989-2001.(iii) End of the Cold War and US Ascendancy in the Worldas the lone superpower.History 51

Question 73

Constitutional and administrative Law [16]:1. Constitution and Constitutionalism:

Answer 73

The distinctive features of the Constitution.

Question 74

2. Fundamental Rights-Public interest litigation;

Answer 74

Legal Aid; Legal services authority.

Question 75

3. Relationship between Fundamental rights,

Answer 75

Directive principles and Fundamental duties

Question 76

4. Constitutional Position of the President and

Answer 76

relation with the Council of Ministers.

Question 77

5. Governor and

Answer 77

his powers.

Question 78

6. Supreme Court and the High Courts:

Answer 78

(a) Appointments and transfer.(b) Powers, functions and jurisdiction.

Question 79

7. Centre, States and local bodies:

Answer 79

(a) Distribution oflegislative powers between theUnion and the States.(b) LocalBodies.(c) Administrative relationship among Union,State and Local Bodies.(d) Eminent domain-State property-commonproperty-community property.

Question 80

8. Legislative powers,

Answer 80

privileges and immunities.

Question 81

9. Services under the Union and the States:

Answer 81

(a) Recruitment and conditions of services;Constitutional safeguards; Administrativetribunals.(b) Union Public Service Commission and StatePublic Service Commissions-Power andfunctions.(c) Election Commission-Power and functions.

Question 82

10. Emergency

Answer 82

provisions.

Question 83

11. Amendment of

Answer 83

the Constitution.

Question 84

12. Principle of NaturalJustice-

Answer 84

Emerging trends and judicial approach.

Question 85

13. Delegated legislation and

Answer 85

its constitutionality.

Question 86

14. Separation of powers and

Answer 86

constitutional governance.

Question 87

15. Judicial review of

Answer 87

administrative action.

Question 88

16. Ombudsman:

Answer 88

Lokayukta, Lokpal etc.LAW 1

Question 89

International Law:1. Nature and Definition of

Answer 89

International Law.

Question 90

2. Relationship between International Law

Answer 90

andMunicipal Law.

Question 91

3. State Recognition and

Answer 91

State Succession.

Question 92

4. Law of the sea:

Answer 92

Inland Waters, Territorial Sea,Contiguous Zone, Continental Shelf, ExclusiveEconomic Zone and High Seas.

Question 93

5. Individuals: Nationality, statelessness;

Answer 93

Human Rights and procedures available for theirenforcement.

Question 94

6. Territorial jurisdiction of States,

Answer 94

Extradition andAsylum.

Question 95

7. Treaties : Formation,

Answer 95

application, termination andreservation.

Question 96

8. United Nations : lts principal organs,

Answer 96

powersand functions and reform.

Question 97

9. Peaceful settlement of disputes-

Answer 97

different modes.

Question 98

10. Lawful recourse to force : aggressions,

Answer 98

selfdefence,intervention.

Question 99

11. Fundamental principles of internationalhumanitarian law-

Answer 99

International conventions and contemporary developments

Question 100

12. Legality of the use of nuclear weapons;

Answer 100

ban on testing of nuclear weapons; Nuclear nonproliferationtreaty, CTST.

Question 101

13. International Terrorism, State sponsored terrorism,Hijacking,

Answer 101

International Criminal Court.

Question 102

14. New International Economic Order and MonetaryLaw:

Answer 102

WTO,TRlPS,GATT,IMF, World Bank.

Question 103

15. Protection and Improvement of the HumanEnvironment :

Answer 103

International Efforts.LAW2

Question 104

Law of Crimes :-

Answer 104

1. General principles of Criminal liability: mens reaand actus reus, mens rea in statutory otfences.2. Kinds of punishment and emerging trends as toabolition of capital punishment.3. Preparations and criminal attempt.4. General exceptions.5. Joint and constructive liability.6. Abetment.7. Criminal conspiracy.8. Otlences against the State.9. Otlences against public tranquility.10. Offences against human body.11. Otlences against property.12. Offences against women.13. Defamation.14. Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988.15. Protection of Civil Ri ghts Act, 1955 andsubsequent legislative developments.16. Plea bargaining.LAW3

Question 105

Law of Torts:

Answer 105

1. Nature and detinition.2. Liability based upon fault and strict liability;Absolute liability.3. Vicarious liability including State Liability.4. General defences.5. Joint tort fessors.6. Remedies.7. Negligence.K Defamation.9. Nuisance.10. Conspiracy.11. False imprisonment.12. Malicious prosecution.13. Consumer Protection Act, 1986.LAW4

Question 106

Law of Contracts and Mercantile Law:

Answer 106

1. Nature and formation of contract/E-contract.2. Factors vitiating free consent.3. Void, voidable, illegal and unenforceableagreement<>.4. Performance and discharge of contract<>.5. Quasi-contracts.6. Consequences of breach of contract.7. Contract of indemnity, guarantee and insurance.8. Contract of agency.9. Sale of goods and hire purchase.10. Formation and dissolution of partnership.11. Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881.12. Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996.13. Standard form contracts.LAW 5

Question 107

Contemporary Legal Developments :

Answer 107

1. Public Interest Litigation.2. Intellectual property rights- Concept, types/prospects.3. Information Technology Law including CyberLaws-Concept, purpose/prospect<>.4. Competition Law-Concept, purpose/prospect<>.5. Alternate Dispute Resolution-Concept, types/prospects.6. Major statutes concerning environmental law.7. Right to Information Act.8. Trial by media.LAW6

Question 108

Political Theory and Indian Politics :I. Political Theory:

Answer 108

meaning and approaches.

Question 109

2. Theories of state :

Answer 109

LiberaL Neo-liberal. Marxist, Pluiralist,post-colonial and Feminist.

Question 110

3. Justice : Conceptions of justice with

Answer 110

special referenceto Rawl’s theory of justice and its communitariancritiques.

Question 111

4. Equality :

Answer 111

SociaL political and economic; relationshipbetween equality and freedom; Affirmative action.

Question 112

5. Rights :

Answer 112

Meaning and theories; different kinds of rights;Concept of Human Rights.

Question 113

6. Democracy :

Answer 113

Classical and contemporary theories;different models of democracy-representative,participatory and deliberative.

Question 114

7. Concept of power :

Answer 114

hegemony, ideology and legitimacy.

Question 115

8. Political Ideologies :

Answer 115

Liberalism, Socialism, Marxism,Fascism, Gandhism and Feminism.

Question 116

9 Indian Political Thought:

Answer 116

Dharatmhastra, i\rthashastraand Buddhist Traditions; Sir Syed Ahmed Khan,Sri Aurobindo, M. K. Gandhi, B. R. Ambedkar, M. N. Roy.

Question 117

10. Western Political Thought :

Answer 117

Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli,Hobbes, Locke, JohnS. MilL Marx, Gramsci, HannahArendt.POLITICAL SCIENCE 1

Question 118

Indian Government and Politics1. Indian Nationalism :

Answer 118

(a) Political Strategies of India’s Freedom Struggle :Constitutionalism to mass Satyagraha, Noncooperation, Civil Disobedience; Militant andRevolutionary Movements, Peasant and WorkersMovements.(b)Perspectives on Indian National Movement; Liberal,Socialist and Marxist; Radical Humanist and Dalit

Question 119

2 Making of the Indian Constitution : Legacies of theBritish rule;

Answer 119

different social and political perspet-tives.

Question 120

3. Salient Features of the Indian Constitution :

Answer 120

ThePreamble, Fundamental Rights and Duties, DirectivePrinciples; Parliamentary System and AmendmentProcedures; Judicial Review and Basic Structuredoctrine.

Question 121

4. (a) Principal Organs ofthe Union Government : (b) Principal Organs of the State Government :

Answer 121

a: Envisagedrole and actual working of the Executive, Legislatureand Supreme Court.b: Envisagedrole and actual working of the Executive, Legislature and High Court-;.

Question 122

5. Grassroots Democracy :

Answer 122

Panchayati Raj and MunicipalGovernment; Significance of 73rd and 74thAmendments; Grassroot movement-;.

Question 123

6. Statutory Institutions/Commissions :

Answer 123

Election Commission, Comptroller and Auditor General, FinanceCommission, Union Public Service Commission, National Commission for Scheduled Castes, National Commission for Scheduled Tribes, National Commission for Women; National Human Rights Commission,National Commission for Minoriti es, NationalBack ward ClassesCommission.

Question 124

7. Federalism : Constitutional provisions;

Answer 124

changing natureof centre-state relations; integrationist tendencies andregional aspirations; inter-state disputes.

Question 125

8. Planning and Economic development :

Answer 125

Nehruvian andGandhi an perspet-tives; Role of planning and publicsector; Green Revolution, land reforms and agrarianrelations; liberalization and em nomic reforms.

Question 126

9. Caste. Religion and Ethnicity in

Answer 126

Indian Politics.

Question 127

10. Party System : National and regional political parties,

Answer 127

ideological and social bases of parties; Patterns ofcoalition politics; Pressure groups, trends in electoralb eh av iour; changing socio-economic profile ofLegislators.

Question 128

11 . Social Movement :

Answer 128

Civil liberties and human rightsmovements; women’s movement-;; environmentalistmovement-;.POLITICAL SCIENCE 2

Question 129

Comparative Politics and International RelationsComparative Political Analysis and International Politics:I. Comparative Politics :

Answer 129

Nature and major approaches;Political economy and political sociology perspectives;Limitations of the comparative method.

Question 130

2. State in Comparative Perspective :

Answer 130

Characteristics andchanging nature of the State in capitali ~t and socialisteconomies, and advanced industri al an d developingsocieties.

Question 131

3. Politics of Representation and Participation :

Answer 131

Politicalparties, pressure groups and social movements inadvanced industrial and developing societies.

Question 132

4. Globalisation : Responses from

Answer 132

developed anddeveloping societies.

Question 133

5. Approaches to the Study of International Relations :

Answer 133

Idealist. Realist, Marxist, Functionalist and Systemstheory.

Question 134

6. Key Concepts in International Relations :

Answer 134

Nationalinte rest. security and power; Balance of power anddeterrence; Transational actors and mllective security;World ca pitali ~t economy and globalisation

Question 135

7. Changing International Political Order :

Answer 135

(a) Rise of super powers; Strategic and ideologicalBipolarity, arms race and cold war; Nuclear threat;(b) Non aligned Movement : Aims and achievements.(c) Collapse of the Soviet Union; Unipolarity andAmerican hegemony; Relevance of non-alignmentin the contemporary world

Question 136

8. Evolution of the International Economic System :

Answer 136

FromBrettonwoods to WTO; Socialist economies and theCMEA(Coundl for Mutual Economic Assistance); ThirdWorld demand for new international economic orde r;Globalisation ofthe world economy.

Question 137

I 0. Regionalisation of World Politics :

Answer 137

EU,ASEAN, APEC.AARC.NAFTA.

Question 138

I I. Contemporary Global Concerns :

Answer 138

Democracy, human rights,Environment,Gender Justice,terrorism, Nuclear proliferationPOLITICAL SCIENCE 3

Question 139

India and the WorldI . Indian Foreign Policy :

Answer 139

Determinant~ of foreign policy;the institutions of poli cy-making; Continuity andchange.

Question 140

2. India’s Contribution to the Non-Alignment Movement

Answer 140

Different phases; Current role.

Question 141

3. India and South Asia :

Answer 141

(a) Regional Co-operation : SAARC-pa1.1 performanceand future prospects.(b) South Asia as a Free Trade Area.(c) India’s “Look East” policy.(d) Impediment~ to regional co-operation : River waterdisputes; illegal cross border migration; Ethnicconflicts and insurgencies; Border disputes.

Question 142

4. India and the Global South :

Answer 142

Relations with Africa andLatin America; Leadership role in the demand for NIEOand WTO negotiations.

Question 143

5. India and the Global Centres of Power:

Answer 143

USA. EU. Japan.China and Russia.

Question 144

6. India and the UN System:

Answer 144

Role in UN Peace-keeping;Demand for Perm anent Seat in the Security Council.

Question 145

7. India and the Nuclear Question :

Answer 145

Changing perceptionsand policy

Question 146

8. Recent developments in Indian Foreign Policy :

Answer 146

India’sposition on the recent crises in Afghanistan. Iraq andWest Asia. growing relations with US and Isreal ; Visionof a new world order.POLITICAL SCIENCE 4

Question 147

Administration Theory1. Introduction:

Answer 147

Meaning, scope and significance of Public Administration,Wilson’s vision of Public Administration, Evolution ofthe discipline and its present status. New Public Administration,Public Choice approach; Challenges of liberalization,Privatisation, Globalisation; Good Governance: concept andapplication; New Public Management.PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 1

Question 148

2. Administrative Thought:

Answer 148

Scientific Management and Scientific Managementmovement; Classical Theory; Weber’s bureaucratic model itscritique and post-Weberian Developments; Dynamic Administration(Mary Parker Follett); Human Relations School(Elton Mayo and others); Functions of the Executive (C.I.Barnard); Simon’s decision-makingtheory; Participative Management(R. Likert, C. Argyris, D. McGregor.)PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 2

Question 149

3. Administrative Behaviour:

Answer 149

Process and techniques of decision-making; Communication;Morale; Motivation Theories content. process andcontemporary; Theories of Leadership: Traditional and Modem:PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 3

Question 150

4. Organisations:

Answer 150

Theories, systems, contingency; Structure and forms:Ministries and Departments, Corporations, Companies; Boardsand Commissions; Ad hoc, and advisory bodies; Headquartersand Field relationships; Regulatory Authorities; PublicPrivatePartnerships.PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 4

Question 151

5. Accountability and Control:

Answer 151

Concepts of accountability and control; Legislative,Executive and judicial control over ad minbtration; Citizen andAdministration; Role of media, interest groups, voluntary organizations;Civil society; Citizen’s Charters; Right to Information;Soda! audit.PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 5

Question 152

6. Administrative Law:

Answer 152

Meaning. scope and s ignificance; Dicey onAdmini ~trati ve law; Delegated legislation; Admi ni ~trati ve Tri bunals.PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 6

Question 153

7. ComparativePublicAdministration:

Answer 153

Historical and sociological factors affe

Question 154

8. Development Dynamics:

Answer 154

Com;ept of development; Changing profile of developmentadministration; ‘Anti-development thesis’; Bureaucracyand development; Strong state versus the market debate;Impact of liberalisation on administration in developingcountries; Women and development the self-help groupmovement.PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 8

Question 155

9. Personnel Administration:

Answer 155

Importance of human resource development ;Recruitment. training. career advancement. position classification.discipline. performance appraisal. promotion. pray andservice conditions; employer-employee relations. grievanceredressal mechanism; Code of conduct; Administrativeethics.PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 9

Question 156

10. Public Policy :

Answer 156

Models of policy-making and their critique; Processesof conceptualisation. planning. implementation. monitoring.evaluation and review and theirlimitations; State theories andpublic policy formulation.PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 10

Question 157

11. Techniques ofAdminstrativelmprovement:

Answer 157

Organisation and methods. Work study and work management;e-governance and information technology; Managementaiel tools like network analysis. MIS. PERT. CPM.PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 11

Question 158

12. Financial Administration:

Answer 158

Monetary and fiscal policies: Public borrowings andpublic debt Budgets types and forms; Budgetary process;Financial accountability; Accounts and audit.PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 12

Question 159

Indian Administration1. Evolution oflndian Administration :

Answer 159

Kautilya Arthashastra; Mughal administration; Legacyof British rule in politics and administration lndianization ofPublic services, revenue administration, district Administration,local self Government.PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 13

Question 160

2. Philosophical and Constitutional framework ofGovernment:

Answer 160

Salient features and value premises; Constitutionalism;Political culture; Bureaucracy and democracy; Bureaucracyand development.PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 14

Question 161

3. Public Sector Undertakings :

Answer 161

Public sector in modern India; Forms of Public SectorUndertakings; Problems of autonomy, accountability and control;Impact ofliberalization and privatization.PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 15

Question 162

4. U tlion Government andAdnlinistration:

Answer 162

Executi ve. Parliament. Judi ciary-structure. functions.work processes; Recent trends; Intra-governmental relation s;Cabinet Secretariat; Prime Minister ‘s Office; Central Secretariat;Ministries and Departm e nt~; Boards; Commissions;Attached offic-es; Field organizations.PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 16

Question 163

5. Plans and Priorities :

Answer 163

Machinery of planning; Role. composition and functionsof the Planning Commission and the National DevelopmentCouncil; ‘Indicative’ planning; Pmcess of plan formulation atUnion and State levels; Constitutional Amendments (1992)and decentralized planning for economic development andsocial justice.PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 17

Question 164

6. State Government and Administration:

Answer 164

Union-State administrative, legislative and financialrelations; Role of the Finance Commission; Governor; ChiefMinis te r; Council of Ministers; Chief Secretary; StateSecretariat; Directorates.PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 18

Question 165

7. District Administration since Independence:

Answer 165

Changing mle of the Collector; Union-State-localrelations; Imperatives of development management and lawand order administration; District administration anddemocratic decentralization.PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 19

Question 166

8. Civil Services :

Answer 166

Constitutional position; Structure. recruitment. trainingand capacity building; Good governance initiatives; Code ofconduct and discipline; Staff associations; Political rights;Grievance redressal mechanism; Civil service neutrality; Civilservice activism.PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 20

Question 167

9. Financial Management:

Answer 167

Budget as a political instrument; Parliamentary controlof public expenditure; Role of finance ministry in monetaryand fiscal area; Accounting techniques; Audit; Role ofController General of Accounts and Comptroller and AuditorGeneral of India.PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 21

Question 168

10. Administrative Reforms since Independence :

Answer 168

Major concern s; Important Committees andCommission s; Reforms in financial management and humanresource development; Problems of implementation.PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 22

Question 169

11. Rural Development:

Answer 169

Institutions and agencies since Independence; Ruraldevelopment programmes: foci and strategies; Decentrdlizationand Panchayati Raj ; 73rd Constitutional amendment.PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 23

Question 170

12. Urhan Local Government:

Answer 170

Municipal governance: main features. structures.finance and problem areas; 74th Constitutional Amendment;Global-local debate; New localism; Development dynamics.politics and administration with special reference to citymanagement.PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 24

Question 171

13. Law and Order Administration:

Answer 171

Briti sh legacy; National Police Commission;Investigative agencies; Role of Central and State Agenciesincluding para milita ry forces in maintenance oflaw and orderand countering insurgency and ter rorism; Criminalisation ofpolitics and a dmini ~tration ; Poli ce-public relations; Reformsin Police.PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 25

Question 172

14. Significant issues in Indian Administration:

Answer 172

Values in public service; Regulatory Commissions;National Human Rights Commission; Problems ofadministration in coalition regimes; Citizen administrationinterface; Corruption and administration; Disastermanagement.PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 26

Question 173

FUNDAMENTALS OF SOCIOLOGY1. Sociology- The Discipline:

Answer 173

(a) Mode rnity and social changes in Europe andemergence of Sociology.(b) St.ao pe of the subject and compari son with other socialsctences.(c) Sociology and common sense.Sociology 1

Question 174

2. Sociology as Science:

Answer 174

(a) Science. scientific method and critique.(b) Major theoretical strands of research methodology.(c) Positivism and its critique.(d) Fact value and o~jectivity.(e) Non-positivist methodologies.Sociology 2

Question 175

3. Research Methods and Analysis:

Answer 175

(a) Qualitative and quantitative methods.(b) Techniques of data colleLtion.(c) Variables, sampling, hypothesis, reliability and validity.Sociology 3

Question 176

4. Sociological Thinkers:

Answer 176

(a) Karl Marx - Historical materialism, mode of production,alienation, class struggle.(b) Emile Durkhteim - Division of labour, social fact,suicide, religion and society.(c) Max Weber - Social action, ideal types, authority,bureaucracy, protestant ethic and the spirit ofcapitalism.(d) Tal colt Parsons - Social system, pattern variables.(e) Robert K. Merton - Latent and manifest functions,conformity and deviance. reference groups.(f) Mead - Self and identity.Sociology 4

Question 177

5. Stratification and Mobility :

Answer 177

(a) Concepts - e4uality. ine4uality. hierarchy. exclusion.poverty and deprivation.(b) Theories of social stratification - Structural functionalist theory. Marxist theory. Weberi an theory.(

Question 178

6. Works and Economic Life :

Answer 178

(a) Social organi zation of work in different types ofsoci ety - slave society. feudal society. industrialcapi talist society.(b) Formal and informal organization of work.(c) Labour and society.Sociology 6

Question 179

7. Politics and Society:

Answer 179

(a) Sociological theories of power.(b) Power elite. bureauc racy. pressure groups andpol itical parties.(c) Nation . state. citizenship. democracy. civil soci ety.ideology.(d) Protest. agitation. social moveme nt~. collectiveaction. revolution.Sociology 7

Question 180

8. Religion and Society :

Answer 180

(a) Sociological theories of religion.(b) Types of religious practices: an imism. monism.pluralism. sects. cults.(c) Religion in modern society: religion and science,seculari zation. religious revivalism. fundamentali sm.Sociology 8

Question 181

9. Systems of Kinship:

Answer 181

(a) Family. household. marriage.(b) Types and forms of family.(c) Lineage and dest:ent.(d) Patriarchy and sexual division of labour.(e) Contemporary trends.Sociology 9

Question 182

10. Social Change in Modern Society:

Answer 182

(a) Sociological theories of social change.(b) Development and dependency.(c) Agents of social change.(d) Education and social change.(e) Science. technology and social change.Sociology 10

Question 183

INDIAN SOCIETY: STRUCTURE AND CHANGEA. Introducing Indian Society :

Answer 183

(i) Perspectives on the Study oflndian Society :(a) Indology (G.S. Ghure).(b) Structural functionalism (M. N. Srinivas).(c) Marxist sociology (A. R. Desai).(ii) Impact of colonial rule on Indian society :(a) Social background of Indian nationalism.(b) Modernization of Indian tradition.(c) Protests and movements during the colonialperiod.(d) Soda! reforms.Sociology 11

Question 184

B. Social Structure:

Answer 184

(i) Rural and Agrarian Social Structure:(a) The idea of Indian village and village studies.(b) Agrarian social structureevolutionof land tenure system, land reforms.(ii) Caste System:(a) Perspectives on the study of caste systems: G. S.Ghurye, M. N. Srinivas, Louis Dumont, AndreBeteille.(b) Features of caste system.(c) Untouchability-forms and perspectives(iii) Tribal Communities in India:(a) Definitional problems.(b) Geographical spread.(c) Colonial policies and tribes.(d) Issues of integration and autonomy.(iv) Social Classes in India:(a) Agrarian class structure.(b) Industrial class structure.(c) Middle classes in India.(v) Systems ofKinshipin India:(a) Lineage and descent in India.(b) Types of kinship systems.(c) Family and marriage in India.(d) Household dimensions ofthe family.(e) Patriarchy, entitlements and sexual division oflabour.(vi) Religion and Society:(a) Religious communities in India.(b) Problems of religious minorities.Sociology 12

Question 185

C. Social Changes in India:

Answer 185

(i) Visions of Social Change in India:(a) Idea of development planning and mixed economy.(b) Constitution. law and social change.(c) &lucation and social change.(ii) Rural and Agrarian Transformation in India:(a) Programmes of rural development. CommunityDevelopment Programme. cooperatives. povertyalleviation schemes.(b) Green revolution and social change.(c) Changing modes of production in Indian agriculture.(d) Problems of rural labour. bondage. migration .(iii) Industrialization and Urbanisation in India:(a) Evolution of modern industry in Ind ia.(b) Growth of urban settlements in India.(c) Working class: ~tru cture. growth. class mobili zation.(d) Informal secto r. child labour.(e) Slums and deprivation in urban areas.(iv) Politics and Society :(a) Nation. democracy and citizenship.(b) Political parties. pressure groups. social and politicalelite.(c) Regionalism and decentralization of power.(d) Seculari zation.( v) Social Movements in Modern India :(a) Peasants and farmers movements.(b) Women’s movement.(c) Backward classes & Dalit movements .(d) Environmental movements .(e) Eth nicity and Identity movements.(vi) PopulationDynamics:(a) Popula tion s ize. growth. compos ition anddistribution.(b) Components of population growth: birth. death.migmtion.(c) Popul ation Policy and family planning.(d) Emerging issues: ageing. sex ratios. child and infantmortality. rep rod ucti ve health.(vii) Challenges of Social Transformation:(a) Crisis of development: di splacement. environmentalproblems and su ~ta in ability.(b) Poverty. deprivation and ine4ualities.(c) Violence again ~t women.(d) Caste conflicts .(e) Ethnic conflict~. communalism. religious revivalism.(f) llliteracy and disparities in education.Sociology 13

Question 186

History and Problems of Philosophy1 . Plato and Aristotle :

Answer 186

ldeas; Substance; Form andMatter; Causation; Actuality and Potentiality.Philosophy 1

Question 187

2. Rationalism (Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz);

Answer 187

CartesianMethod and Cer tain Knowledge; Substance; God;Mind-Body Dualism; Determinism andFreedom.Philosophy 2

Question 188

3. Empiricism (Locke, Berkeley, Hume) :

Answer 188

Theory ofKnowledge; Substance and Qualities; Self and God;Scepticism.Philosophy 3

Question 189

4. Kant:

Answer 189

Possibility of Synthetic a priori Judgments;Space and Time; Categories; ldeas of Reason;Antinomies; Critique of Proofs for the Existence ofGod.Philosophy 4

Question 190

S. Hegel :

Answer 190

Dialectical Method; Absolute ldealism.Philosophy 5

Question 191

6. Moore, Russ e)] and Early Wittgenstein :

Answer 191

Defence ofCommonsense; Refutation of Idealism; LogicalAtomism; Logical Constru ctio ns; IncompleteSymbols; Picture Theory of Meaning; Sying andShowing.Philosophy 6

Question 192

7. Logica]Positivism :

Answer 192

VerificationTheoryofMeaning;Rejection of Metaphysics; Linguistic Theory ofNecessary Propositions.Philosophy 7

Question 193

8. Later Wittgenstein :

Answer 193

Meaning and Use; Languagegames;Cri tique of Private Language.Philosophy 8

Question 194

9. Phenomenology (Husser1):

Answer 194

Method; Theory ofEssences; Avoidance of Psycho1ogism.Philosophy 9

Question 195

I 0. Existentialism (Kierkegaard, Sarte, Heidegger):

Answer 195

Existence and Essence; Choice, Responsibility andAu the ntic Existence; Being-in-the-world andTemporality.Philosophy 10

Question 196

II. Quine and Strawson :

Answer 196

Critique of Empiricism; Theoryof Basic Particulars and Persons.Ph ilosophy 11

Question 197

12. Carvaka :

Answer 197

Theory of Know1egde; Rejection ofTranscendent Entities.Philosophy 12

Question 198

13. Jainism :

Answer 198

Theoty of Reality; Saptabhanginaya;Bondage and Liberation.Philosophy 13

Question 199

14. Schools of Buddhism :

Answer 199

Prat l tya~amutpada;Ksanikavada, Nairatmyavada.Ph ilosophy 14

Question 200

15. Nyaya- Vaiesesika :

Answer 200

Theory ofCategories;Theoryof Appearance; Theory of Pramana; Self, Liberation;God; Proofs for the Existence of God; Theory ofCausation; Atomistic Theory of Creation.Ph ilosophy 15

Question 201

16. Samkhya; …..

Answer 201

Prakrit; Pumsa; Causation; Liberation. Philosophy 16

Question 202

17. Yoga;….

Answer 202

Citta; Cittavrtti; Klesas; Samadhi; Kaivalya. Philosophy 17

Question 203

18. Mimamsa:

Answer 203

Theory of Know1egdePhilosophy 18

Question 204

19. Schools of Vedanta :

Answer 204

Brahman; lsvara; Atman; Jiva;Jagat; Maya; Avida; Adhyasa; Moksa;Aprthaksiddhi; Pancavidhabheda.Ph ilosophy 19

Question 205

20. Aurobindo:

Answer 205

Evolution, Involution; Integral Yoga.

Question 206

21. Socio-Political Philosophy

Answer 206

1. Socia] andPo1itica11dea1s: Equality, Justice, Liberty.2. Sovereignty: Austin, Bodin, Laski, Kauti1ya.3. lndividua] and State : Rights; Duties andAccountabi1ity.4. Forms of Government : Monarchy; Theocracy andDemocracy.5. Po1itica1 ldeo1ogies: Anarchism; Marxism andSocialism.6. Humanism; Secularism; Mu1ti-cu1tura1ism.7. Crime and Punishment: Com1ption, Mass Violence,Genocide, Capita] Punishment.8. Development and Socia] Progress.9. Gender Discrimination :Female Foeticide, Land andProperty Rights; Empowerment.10. Caste Discrimination: Gandhi andAmbedkar.Philosophy 21

Question 207

Philosophy of Religion

Answer 207

1. Notions of God: Attributes; Relation to Man andthe World. (lndian and Western).2. Proofs for the Existence of God and their Critique(lndian and Western).3. Problem of Evil.4. Sou]: lmmortality; Rebirth and Liberation.S. Rea~ on, Revelation and Faith.6. Religious Experience : Nature and Object (lndianand Western).7. Religion without God.8. Religion and Morality.9. Religious Pluralism and the Problem of AbsoluteTmth.10. Nature of Religious Language: Analogical andSymbolic; Cognitivist andN on-cognitive.Philosophy 22

Question 208

Foundations ofPsychology1. Introduction :

Answer 208

Definition of Psychology; Hi ~tor i caI antecedents of Psychology and trends in the 21st centrury;Psychology and scientific methods; Psychology in relationto other social sciences and natural sciences; Application ofPsychology to societal problems.PSYCHOLOGY 1

Question 209

2. Methods of Psychology :

Answer 209

Types of research : Descriptive. evaluative. diagnostic and prognostic; MethodsofResearch :Survey. observation. case-study and experiments;Characteristics of experimental design and non- ex peri mentaI designs; quasi-experimental designs; Focussed group discussions. brain storming. grounded theory approach.PSYCHOLOGY 2

Question 210

3. Research methods :

Answer 210

M’\jor steps in psychologicalresearch (problem statement. hypothesis formulation, researchdesign, sampling, tools of data collection, anal ysis andinterpretation and report writing); Fundamental versus appliedresearch; Methods of data collection (interview, observation.4uestionnaire and case study). Research Designs (Ex-postfacto and experimental). Application of statistical techn i4ues(t-test, two-way AN OVA, correlation and regression and factoranalysis) item response theory.PSYCHOLOGY 3

Question 211

4. Development of Human Behaviour :

Answer 211

Growth anddevelopment; Principles of development, Role of genetic andenvironmental factors in determining human behaviour;Influence of cultural factors in socialization ; Life spandevelopment-Characteristics, development tasks, promotingpsychological well-being across major stages ofthe life span.PSYCHOLOGY 4

Question 212

5. Sensation, Attention and Perception :

Answer 212

Sensation:concepts of threshold. absolute and difference thresholds.signal-detection and vigilance; Factors influencing attentionincluding set and characteristics of stimulus; Definition andconcept of perception. biological factors in perception;Perceptual organization-influence of past experiences.perceptual defence-factor influencing space and depthperception. size estimation and perceptual readiness; Theplasticity of perception; Extrasensory perception; Culture andperception. Subliminal perception.PSYCHOLOGY 5

Question 213

6. Learning :

Answer 213

Concepts and theories of learning(Behaviourists. Gestaltalist and Information processingmodels) . The processes of extinction. di scrimination andgeneralisation. Programmed learning. probability learning, selfinstructional learning. concepts. types and the schedules ofreinforcement. escape. avoidance and punishment. modellingand social learn ing.PSYCHOLOGY 6

Question 214

7. Memory : Encoding and remembering;

Answer 214

Shot-termmemory. Long-term memory, Sensory memory, Iconic memory,Echoic memory: The Multi store model, levels of processing;Organization and Mnemonic techniques to improve memory;Theories of forgetting: decay, interference and retrieval failure:Meta memory; Amnesia: Anterograde and retrograde.PSYCHOLOGY 7

Question 215

8. Titinking and Problem Solving :

Answer 215

Piaget’stheory of cognitive development; Concept formation processes; Information processing. Reasoning and problem solvin g. Facilitating and hindering factors in problem solving.Methodsof problem solving: Creative thinking and fosteringcreat.Jv1ty; Factors influencing decision making andjudgement; Recent trends.PSYCHOLOGY 8

Question 216

9. Motivation and Emotion :

Answer 216

Psychological and physiological basis of motivation and emotion; Measurementofmoti vation and emotion; Effects of moti vation and emotionon behaviour; Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation; Factorsinfluencing intri nsic motivation; Emotional competence andthe related issues.PSYCHOLOGY 9

Question 217

10. Intelligence and Aptitude :

Answer 217

Concept of intelligenceand aptitude. Nature and theories of intelligence-Spearman.Thurstone. Gulford Vernon. Sternberg and J .P. Das; EmotionalIntelligence. Social intelligence. measurement of intelligenceand aptitudes. concept of I Qdeviation I Q constancy of I QMeasurement of multiple intelligence; Fluid intelligence andcrystallized intelligence.PSYCHOLOGY 1 0

Question 218

11. Personality:

Answer 218

Definition and concept of personality;Theories of personality (psychoanalyticaL socio-culturaLinterpersonal. developmental. humanistic. behaviouristic. traitand type approaches); Measurement of personality ( pn~j ectivetests. pencil-paper test); The Indian approach to personality;Training for personality development; Latest approaches likebig 5 factor theory; The notion of self in different traditions.PSYCHOLOGY 11

Question 219

12. Attitudes, Values and Interests :

Answer 219

Definitions ofattitudes. values and interests; Compon ent~ of attitudes;Formation and maintenance of attitudes. Measurement ofattitudes. values and interest~. Theories of attitude changes.strategies for fostering values. Formation of stereotypes andprejudices; Changing othe r ‘s behaviour. Theories ofattribution; Recent trends.PSYCHOLOGY12

Question 220

13. Language and Communication :

Answer 220

Human languageProperties.stru

Question 221

14. Issues and Perspectives in Modern ContemporaryPsychology :

Answer 221

Computer application in the psychological laboratory and psychological testing; Artificial intelligence; Psychocybernetics; Study of consciousnessleep~wak schedules;dreams, stimulus deprivation, meditation, hypnotic/ druginduced states; Extrasensory perception; Intersensory perception; Simulation studies.PSYCHOLOGY 14

Question 222

Psychology: Issues and applications1. Psychological Measurement of IndividualDifferences :

Answer 222

The nature of intli vitlual differences. Ch aracter i ~ti csanti construction of stantlartlizetl psychological te ~ts. Typesof psy chological tests. Use. mis use anti limitation ofpsychological tests. Ethical issues in the use of psychologicaltest~ .PSYCHOLOGY 15

Question 223

2. Psychological well being and Mental Disorders :

Answer 223

Concept of health-ill health positive health. well beingcasual factores in Mental disorders (Anxiety disorders. mooddisorders; schizophrenia and delusional disorders; personalitydisorders. substance abuse disorders). Factors influencingpositive health. well being; lifestyle and quality of life;Happiness dispositionPSYCHOLOGY 16

Question 224

3. Therapeutic Approaches:

Answer 224

Psychodynamic therapies. Behaviour therapies. Clientcentered therapy. Cognitive therapi es. Indigenous therapies(Yoga. Meditation). Biofeedback therapy. Prevention andrehabilitation of the mentally ill; Fo~teri n g mental health.PSYCHOLOGY 17

Question 225

4. Work Psychology and Organisational Behaviour :

Answer 225

Personnel selection and training. Use of Psychologicaltests in the industry. Training and human resourcedevelopment. Theories of work motivation. Herzberg. Maslow.Adam Equity theory. Porter and Lawler. Vroom; Leadershipand participatory management; Advertising and marketing;Stress and its manageme nt; Ergonomics; consumerpsychology; Manageri al effectiveness; Trans formationall eade rs ip; Seniti vity training; Power and politics inorganizations.PSYCHOLOGY18

Question 226

5. Application ofPsychology to Educational Field:

Answer 226

Psychological principles underlying effective teachinglearningprocess. Learning styles. Gifted. retarded. learningdi sabled and their training. Training for improving memoryand better academic achievement. Personality developmentand value education. Educational. vocational guidance andCareer counselling. Use of Psychological tests in education alinstitutions; Effective strategies in guidance programmes.PSYCHOLOGY 19

Question 227

6. Community Psychology:

Answer 227

Definition and

Question 228

7. Rehabilitation Psychology:

Answer 228

Primary. second ary and tertiary preve ntionprogrammes- role of psychologbts. Organising of servicesfor rehabilitation of physically. mentally and sociallychallenged persons including old persons. Rehabilitation ofpersons suffering from substance abuse. juvenile delinquency.criminal behaviours. Rehabilitation of victims of violence.Rehabilitation of HIY /AIDS victims. the role of social agencies.PSYCHOLOGY 21

Question 229

8. Application ofPsychology to disadvantaged groups:

Answer 229

The concepts of disadva ntaged. deprivation social.physic al. c ultural and economic conse4uences ofdi sadvantaged and de pri ved g roups. Educating andmoti vating the disadvantaged towards developme nt; Relativeand prolonged depri vation.PSYCHOLOGY 22

Question 230

9. Psychological problem of social integration :

Answer 230

The concept of soda! integration. The problem of caste,class, religion and language conflicts and prejudice. Natureand manifestation of prejudice between the ingroup andoutgroup. Casual factors of such conflicts and prejudices.Psych ological s trategies for handling the confli cts andprej udices. Measures to achieve social integration.PSYCHOLOGY 23

Question 231

10. Application ofPsychology in Information Technologyand Mass Media:

Answer 231

The present scenario of information technology andthe mass media boom and the role of psychologists. Sele1..tionand training of Psychology professionals to work in the fieldof IT and mass media. Distance learning through IT and massmedia. Entrepreneurship through e~comm erc e. Multilevelmarketing. Impact of TV and fostering value through IT andmass media . Psych ological consequences of recentdevelopments in Information Technology.PSYCHOLOGY 24

Question 232

11. Psychology and Economic development:

Answer 232

Achievement motivation and economic development.Characteristics of entrepreneurial behaviour. Motivating andTraining people for entrepreneurship and economicdevelopment; Consumer rights and consumer awareness,Government policies for promotion of entrepreneurship amongyouth including women entreprenures.PSYCHOLOGY 25

Question 233

12. Application ofPsychology to environment and relatedfields:

Answer 233

Environmental Psychology effects of noise. pollutionand crowding. Population Psy chology : Psych ologicalconsequence of population explosion and high populationdensity. Motivating for small family nonns. Impact of rapidsci enti fie and technolog ical growth on degradation ofenvironment.PSYCHOLOGY 26

Question 234

13. Application of psychology in other fields:

Answer 234

(a) Military PsychologyDevising psycological tests for defence personnel foruse in selection. Training. counseling; training psychologiststo work. with defence personnel in promoting positive health;Human engineering in defence.(b) Sports PsychologyPsychological interventions in improving performanceof athletes and sports. Persons participating in Individual andTeam Games.(c) Media influences on pro and anti-social behaviour.(d) Psychology of Terrorism.PSYCHOLOGY 27

Question 235

14. Psychology of Gender:

Answer 235

Issues of di scrimination. Management of di versity;Glass ceiling effect Self-ful filling prophesy. Women and Indian society.PSYCHOLOGY 28

Question 236

MANAGEMENT

Answer 236

The candidate should make a study of the concept ofdevelopment of Manaxement as science and art drawinxupon the contributions of leadinx thinkers of mmuzxementand apply the concepts to the real life of xovermnent andbusiness decision-makinx keepinx in view the clzanxes intlze stratexic and operative environment.MANAGEMENT1

Question 237

1. Managerial Function and Process :

Answer 237

Concept and foundations of management, Evolution ofManagement Thoughts; Managerial Functions-Planning,Organizing, Contro11ing; Decision-making; Ro]e of Manager,Managerial ski11s; Entrepreneurship; Management ofinnovation; Managing in a g1oba1 environment, F1exib1eSystems Management; Socia] responsibi1ity and managerialethics; Process and customer orientation; Managerialprocesses on direct and indirect value chain.MANAGEMENT 2

Question 238

2. Organisational Behaviour and Design:

Answer 238

Conceptual model of organization behaviour; Theindividual processes-personality, values and attitude,perception, motivation, learning and reinforcement, workstress and stress management; The dynamics of Organizationbehaviour-power and politics, conflict and negotiation,leadership process and styles, communication; TheOrganizational Processes-decision-making, job design;Classical, Neoclassical and Contingency approaches toorganizational design; Organizational theory and design-Organizational culture, managing cultural diversity, learningOrganization; Organizational change and development;Knowledge Based Enterprise-systems and processes;Networked and virtual organizations.MANAGEMENT 3

Question 239

3. Human Resource Management:

Answer 239

HR challenges; HRM functions; The future challengesof HRM; Strategic Management of human resources; Humanresource planning; Job analysis; 1 ob evaluation, Recmitmentand selection; Training and development; Promotion andtransfer; Performance management; Compensationmanagement and bnenefits; Employee morale andproductivity; Management of Organizational climate andlndustrial relations; Human resources accounting and audit;Human resource information system; lnternational humanresource management.MANAGEMENT 4

Question 240

4. Accounting for Managers :

Answer 240

Financial accounting-concept, importance and scope,genera11y accepted accounting principles, preparation offin ancial statements with special reference to analysis of abalance sheet and measurment of business income, inventoryvalu ation and depreciation, financial statement analysis, fundflow analysis, the statement of cash flows; Managementaccounting concept, need, imporance and scope; Costaccounting- records and processes, cost ]edger and controlaccounts, reconciliation and integration bwtween financialand cost accounts; Overhead cost and control, Job andprocess costing, Budget and budgetary control, Performancebudgeting, Zero-ba~e budgeting, relevant costing and costingfor decision-making, standard costing and variance analysis,marginal costing and absorption costing.MANAGEMENT 5

Question 241

5. Financial Management:

Answer 241

Goal of Finance Function. Concept~ of value and return.Valuation of bonds and Shares; Management of workingcapital : Estimation and Financing; Management of cash,receivables, inventory and current liabilities; Cost ofcapital ; Capital budgeting; Financial and operating leverage;Design of capital structure: theories and practices;Shareholder value creation: dividend policy, corporatefinancial pol icy and strategy, management of corporatedistress and restructuring strategy; Capital and moneymarkets: institutions and instmments; Leasing hire purchaseand venture capital; Regulation of capital market; Risk andreturn: portfolio theory; CAPM;APT; Financial derivatives:option, futures, swap; Recent reforms in financial sector.MANAGEMENT 6

Question 242

6. Marketing Management:

Answer 242

Concept, evolution and scope; Marketing strategyformulation and components of marketing plan; Segmentingand targeting the market; Positioning and differentiating themarket offering; Analyzi ng competition;Analyzing consumermarkets; lndustrial buyer behaviour; Market research;Product strategy; Pricing strategies; Designing and managingMarketing channels; lntegrated marketing communications;Building customer staisfaction, Value and retention; Servicesand non-profit marketing; Ethics in marketing; Consumerprotection; l ntemet marketing; Retail management; Customerrelationship management; Concept of holistic marketing.MANAGEMENT 7

Question 243

1. Quantitative Techniques in Decision-making:

Answer 243

Descriptive statistics-tabular, graphical and numericalmethods, introduction to probability, discrete and continuousprobability di s tributions, inferential statistics-samplingdistributions, central limit theorem, hypothesis testing fordifferences between means and proportions, inference aboutpopul ation variances, Chisquare and ANOVA, simplecorrelation and regression, time series and forecasting,decision theory, index numbers; Linear programmingproblemformulation, simplex method and graphical solution,sensitivity analysis.MANAGEMENT 8

Question 244

2. Production and Operations Management:

Answer 244

Fundamentals of operations management; Organizingfor production; Aggregate production planning, capacityplanning, plant design: process planning, plant size and scaleof operations, Management of faci1ities; Line balancing;Equipment replacement and maintenance; Production control;Supply, chain management-vendor evaluation and audit;Quality management; Statistical process control, Six Sigma;F1exibi1ity and agi1ity in manufacturing systems; World c1a~smanufaturing; Project management concepts, R&Dmanagement, Management of service operations; Role andimportance of materials management, value analysis, make orbuy decision; Inventory control, MRP; Wa~te management.MANAGEMENT 9

Question 245

3. Managementlnformation System :

Answer 245

Conceptual foundations of information systems;lnformation theory; lnformation resource management; Typesof information Systems; Systems Deve1opment-Ovenriewof Systems and Design; System Development management1ife-cyc1e, Designing on1ine and distributed environments;lmp1ementation and control of project; Trends in informationtechnology; Managing data resources-Organising data.DSS and RDBMS; Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Expertsystems, e-Business architecture, e-Governance; lnformationsystems planning, Flexibility in information systems; Userinvolvement; Evaluation of information systems.MANAGEMENT10

Question 246

4. Govermnent Business Interface :

Answer 246

State participation in business, lnteraction betweenGovernment, Business and different Chambers of Commerceand lndustry in lndia; Government’s ploicy with regard toSmall Scale lndu s tri es; Government clear ances forestablishing a new enterprise; Public Distribution System;Government control over price and distribution; ConsumerProtection Act (CPA) and The Role of Voluntary Organizationsin protecting consumers’ right~; New lndustrial Policy of theGovernment : liberalization, deregulation and privatisation;lndian planning system; Government policy concerningdevelopment of Backward areas/regions; The Responsibilitiesof the business as well as the Government to protect theenvironment; Corporate Governance; Cyber Laws.MANAGEMENT 11

Question 247

5. Strategic Cost Management:

Answer 247

Business policy as a field of study; Nature and scopeof strategic management, Strategic inten t, vision, objectivesand policies; Process of strategic planning and implementation;Environmental analysis and internal analysis; SWOTanalysis; Tools and techn iques for strategic analysis-1m pactmatrix: The experience curve, BCG malrix, GEC mode, lndustryanalysis, Concept of value chain; Strategic profile of a firm;Framework for analysing competition; Competitive advantageof a firm; Generic competitive strategies; Growth strategiesexpansion,integration and diversification; Concept of corecompetence, Strategic flexibility; Reinventing strategy;Strategy and stru cture; chief Executive and Board;turnaround management; Management of strategic change;Strategic alliances, Mergers and Acquisitions; Strategy andcorporate evolution in the lndian context.MANAGEMENT12

Question 248

6. International Business :

Answer 248

International Business Environment : Changingcomposition of trade in good~ and services; India’s ForeignTrade: Policy and trends; Financing of International trade;Regional Economic Cooperation; FTA~; Internationalisationof service firms; International production; OperationManagement in International companies; InternationalTaxation; Global competitiveness and technologicaldevelopments; Global E-Business; Design ing globalorganisational structure and control; Multiculturalmanagement; Global business strategy; Global marketingstrategies; Export Management; Export-Import procedures;Joint Ventures; Foreign Investment: Foreign direct investmentand foreign portfolio investment; Cross-border Mergers andAcquisitions; Foreign Exchange Risk Exposure Management;World Financial Markets and International Banking; ExternalDebt Management; Cou ntry Risk Analysis.MANAGEMENT13

Question 249

PRINCIPLES OF GEOGRAPHYPhysical Geography:1. Geomorphology :

Answer 249

Factors control1ing landformdevelopment; endogenetic and exogenetic forces;Origin and evolution of the earth’s crusts;Fundamentals of geomagnetism; Physical conditionsofthe earth’s interior; Geosynclines; Continental drift;Isostasy; Plate tectonics; Recent views on mountainbuilding; Volcanicity; Earthquakes and Tsunamis;Concepts of geomorphic cycles and Land scapedevelopment; Denudation chronology; Channelmorphology; Erosion surfaces; Slope development;Applied Geomorphology; Geomorphology, economicgeology and environment.GEOGRAPHY 1

Question 250

2. Climatology :

Answer 250

Temperature and pressure belts oftheworld; Heat budget of the earth; Atmosphericcirculation; Atmospheric stability and instability.Planetary and local winds; Monsoons and jetstreams; Air masses and fronto; Temperate andtropical cyclones; Types and distribution ofprecipitation; Weather and C1imate; Koppen’sThomthwaite’s and Trewar Tha’s classitication ofworld c1imate; Hydrological cyc1e; Global c1imaticchange, and role and response of man in c1imaticchanges Applied c1imato1ogy and Urban c1imate.GEOGRAPHY 2

Question 251

3. Oceanography :

Answer 251

Bottom topography oftheAtlantic,Indian and Pacitic Oceans; Temperature and salinityof the oceans; Heat and salt budget~ . Ocean depos i t~;Waves, currents and tides; Marine resources; biotic,mineral and energy resources; Coral reefs coralbleaching; Sea-level changes; Law of the sea andmarine pollution.GEOGRAPHY 3

Question 252

4. Biogeography :

Answer 252

Genesis of soils; Classification anddistribution of soils; Soil protile; Soil erosion, Degradationand conservation; Factors intluencing worlddistribution of plants and animals; Problems ofdeforestation and conservation measures; Socialforestry, agro-forestry; Wild life; Major gene poolcentres.GEOGRAPHY 4

Question 253

5. Environmental Geography :

Answer 253

Principle ecology;Human ecological adaptations; lnt1uence of man onecology and environment; Global and regionalecological changes and imbalances; Ecosystem theirmanagement and conservation; Environmentaldegradation, management and conservation;Biodiversity and sustainable development;Environmental policy; Environmental hazards andremedial measures; Environmental education andlegislation.GEOGRAPHY 5

Question 254

Human Geography:1. Perspectives in Human Geography :

Answer 254

Arealdifferentiation; Regional synthesis; Dichotomy anddualism; Environmentalism; Quantitative revolutionand locational analysis; Radical, behavioural, humanand welfare approaches; Languages, religions andsecularisation; Cultural regions of the world; Humandevelopment indix.GEOGRAPHY 6

Question 255

2. Economic Geography :

Answer 255

World economicdevelopment: measurement and problems; Worldresources and their distribution; Energy crisis; thelimits to growth; World agriculture: typology ofagricultural regions; Agricultural inputs andproductivity; Food and nutritions problems; Foodsecurity; famine: causes, effects and remedies; Worldindustries: location patterns and problems; Patternsof world trade.GEOGRAPHY 7

Question 256

3. Population and Settlement Geography :

Answer 256

Growth anddistribution of world population; Demographicattributes; Causes and consequences of migration;Concepts of over-under-and optimum population;Population theories, world population problems andpo1icies, Socia] we11-being and qua1ity of 1ife;Population as social capitaLTypes and patterns of rura] settlements;Environmental issues in rura] settlements; Hierarchyof urban settlements; Urban morphology; Conceptof primate city and rank-size rule; Functionalc1assification of towns; Sphere of urban int1uence;Rural-urban fringe; Sate11ite towns; Problems andremedies of urbanization; Sustainable developmentof cities.GEOGRAPHY 8

Question 257

4. Regional Planning :

Answer 257

Concept of a region; Types ofregions and methods of regionalisation; Growthcentres and growth poles; Regional imbalances;Regional development strategies; Environmentalissues in regional planning; Planning for sustainabledevelopment.GEOGRAPHY 9

Question 258

5. Models, Theories and Laws in Hwnan Geography:

Answer 258

System analysis in Human geography; Malthusian,Marxian and demographic transition models; CentralPlace theories ofChristaller and Losch; Perroux andBoudeville; Von Thunen’s model of agriculturallocation; Weber ‘s model of industrial location;Ostov’s model of stages of growth. Heart-land andRim land theories; Laws of international boundariesand frontiers.GEOGRAPHY10

Question 259

GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA1. Physical Setting :

Answer 259

Space relationship oflndia withneighbouring countries; Structure and relief;Drainage system and watersheds; Physiographicregions; Mechanism oflndian monsoons and rainfallpatterns; Tropical cyclones and westerndisturbances; Floods and droughts; Climaticregions; Natural vegetation, Soil types and theirdistributions.GEOGRAPHY 11

Question 260

2. Resources :

Answer 260

Land, surface and ground water,energy, minerals, biotic and marine resources, Forestand wild life resources and their conservation;Energy crisis.GEOGRAPHY12

Question 261

3. Agriculture :

Answer 261

Infrastructure: irrigation, seeds,fertilizers, power; Institutional factors; land holdings,land tenure and land reforms; Cropping pattern,agricultural productivity, agricultural intensity, cropcombination, land capability; Agro and socialforestry;Green revolution and its socio-economicand ecological implications; Significance of dryfarming; Livestock resources and white revolution;Aqua-culture; Sericulture, Agriculture and poultry;Agricultural regionalisation; Agro-climatic zones;Agro-ecological regions.GEOGRAPHY13

Question 262

4. Industry :

Answer 262

Evolu tion of industries; Locational factorsof cotton, jute, textile, iron and steel, aluminium,fertiliser, paper, chemical and pharmaceutical,automobile, cottage and ago-based industries;Industrial houses and complexes including publicsector underkings; Industrial regionalisation; Newindustrial policy; Multinationals and liberalisation;Special Economic Zones; Tourism includingecotourism.GEOGRAPHY14

Question 263

5. Transport, Communication and Trade :

Answer 263

Road, railway,waterway, airway and pipeline net works and theircomplementary roles in regional development;Growing importance of port<> on national and foreigntrade; Trade balance; Trade Policy; E xportprocessing zones; Development<> in communicationand information technology and their impact<> oneconomy and society; Indian space programme.GEOGRAPHY15

Question 264

6. Cultural Setting :

Answer 264

Historical Perspective of IndianSociety; Racial lingu istic and ethnic diversities;religious minorities; Major tribes, tribal areas andtheir problems; Cultural regions; Growth, di~tributionand density of population; Demographic attributes:sex-ratio, age structure, literacy rate, work-force,dependency ratio, longevity; migration (interregional,in teraregional and international) andassociated problems; Population problems andpolicies; Health indicators.GEOGRAPHY16

Question 265

7. Settlements :

Answer 265

Types, patterns and morphology ofrural settlements; Urban developments; Morphologyof Indian cities; Functional c1assitication of Indiancities; Conurbations and metropolitan regions; Urbansprawl; Slums and asssociated problems; Townplanning; Problems of urbanisation and remedies.GEOGRAPHY 17

Question 266

8. RegionaiDevelopmentandPlanning:

Answer 266

Experience ofregional planning in India; Five Year Plans; Integratedrural development programmes; Panchayati Raj anddecentralised planning; Command area development;Watershed management; Planning for backwardarea, deser t, drought-prone, hill tribal areadevelopment; Multi-level planning; Regionalplanning and development of island territories.GEOGRAPHY18

Question 267

9. Political Aspects :

Answer 267

Geographical basis of Indianfederalism; State reorganisation; Emergence of newstates; Regional consciousness and inter- stateissues; Intemational boundary of India and relatedissues; Cross-border terrorism; India’s role in worldatl’airs; Geopolitics of South Asia and Indian Oceanrealm.GEOGRAPHY19

Question 268

10. Contemporary Issues :

Answer 268

Ecological issues:Environmental hazards: landslides, earthquakes,Tsunamis, tloods and droughts, epidemics; Issuesrelated to environmental pollution; Changes inpatterns of land use; Principles of environmentalimpact assessment and environmental management;Population explosion and food security;Environmental degradation; Deforestation,desertitication and soil erosion; Problems of agrarianand industrial unrest; Regional disparities ineconomic development; Concept of sustainablegrowth and development; Environmental awareness;Linkage of rivers; Globalisation and Indian economy.GEOGRAPHY 20

Question 269

NOTE : Candidates will he required to answer onecompulsory map question

Answer 269

pertinent to subjectscovered by this paper.GEOGRAPHY 21

Question 270

1. General Geology:

Answer 270

The Solar System, meteorites, origin and interior of theearth and age of earth; Volcanoes-causes and products,Volcanic belts. Earthquakes-causes, effects, seismic of zoneof India; Island arcs, trenches and mid-ocean ridges;Continental drift; Seatloor spreading, plate tectonics.lsostasy.GEOLOGY 1

Question 271

2. Geomorphology and Remote Sensing:

Answer 271

Basic concepts of geomorphology. Weathering and soilformations; Landforms, slopes and drainage. Geomorphiccycles and their interpretation. Morphology and its relationto structures and lithology; Coastal geomorphology;Applications of geomorphology in mineral prospecting, civilengineering; hydrology and environmental studies;Geomorphology of Indian sub-continent.Aerial photographs and their interpretation-merits andlimitations; The Electromagnetic spectrum. OrbitingSatellites and Sensor Systems. Indian Remote SensingSatellites. Satellite data products; Applications of remotesensing in geology; The Geographic Information System(GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS)-its applications.GEOLOGY 2

Question 272

3. Structural Geology:

Answer 272

Principles of geologic mapping and map r eading,projection diagrams, Stress and strain ellipsoid and stressstrainrelationships of elastic, plastic and viscous materials;Strain markers in deformed rocks. Behaviour of minerals androcks under deformation conditions. Folds and faultsclassification and mechanics; Structural analysis of folds,foliations, lineations, joint~ and fault~, unconformities; Timerelationshipbetween crystallization and deformation.GEOLOGY 3

Question 273

4. Paleontology :

Answer 273

Species-detinition and nomenclature; Megafossils andMicrofossils. Modes of preservation of fossils; Different kindsof microfossils; Application of microfossils in correlation,petroleum exploration, paleoclimatic and paleoceanographicstudies; Evolutionary trend in Hominidae, Equidae andProboscidae. Siwalik fauna.Gondwana t1ora and fauna and its importance; Indexfossils and their significance.GEOLOGY 4

Question 274

5. Indian Stratigraphy:

Answer 274

Classification of stratigraphic sequences: lithostratigraphic,biostratigraphic, chrono-stratigraphic andmagnetostratigraphic and their interrelationships; Distributionand classification of Precambrian rocks of India; Study ofstratigraphic distribution and lithology of Phanerozoic rocksof India with reference to fauna, tlora and economicimportance. Major boundary problems-Cambrian/Precambrian, Permian/Triassic, Cretaceous/Tertiary andPliocene/Pleistocene; Study of climatic conditions,paleogeography and igneous activity in the Indian subcontinentin the geological past. Tectonic framework of India.Evolution of the Himalayas.GEOLOGY 5

Question 275

6. Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology :

Answer 275

Hydrologic cycle and genetic classification of water;Movement of subsurface water; Springs; Porosity,permeability, hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity andstorage coefficient, classification of aquifers; Water-bearingcharacteristics of rocks; Groundwater chemistry. Salt waterintrusion. Types of we11s. Drainage basin morphometry;Exploration for groundwater; Groundwater recharge;Problems and management of groundwater; Rainwaterharvesting; Engineering properties of rocks; Geologica]investigations for dams, tunnels highways, railway andbridges; Rock as construction material; Landslides causes,prevention and rehabilitation; Earthquake-resistant structures.GEOLOGY 6

Question 276

1. Mineralogy :

Answer 276

Class itication of crystals into systems and classes ofsymmetry; International system of crystallographic notation;Use of projection diagrams to represent crystal symmetry;Element<> of X-ray crystallography.Physical and chemical characters of rock forming s ilicatemineral groups; SlrUctural classiti cation of silicates; Commonminerals of igneous and metamorphic rocks; Minerals of thecarbonate, phosphate, sulphide and halide groups; Clayminerals.Optical properties of common rock forming minerals;Pleochroism, extinction angle, double refraction, birefringence,twinning and dispersion in minerals.GEOLOGY 7

Question 277

2. Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology :

Answer 277

Generation and crysta11isation of magmas. Crystal1isationof albite-anorthite, diopside-anorthite and diopsidewollastonite-silica systems. Bowen’s Reaction Principle;Magmatic differentiation and assimilation. Petrogeneticsignificance of the textures and structures of igneous rocks.Petrography and petrogenesis of granite, syenite, diorite, basicand ultrabasic groups, chamockite, anorthosite and alkalinerocks. Carbonatites. Deccan volcanic province.Types and agents of metamorphism. Metamorphicgrades and zones; Phase rule. Facies of regional and contactmetamorphism; ACF and AKF diagrams; Textures andstructures of metamorphic rocks. Metamorphism ofarenaceous, argillaceous and basic rocks; Mineralsassemblages. Retrograde metamorphism; Metasomatism andgranitisation, migmatites. Granulite terrains of India.3. Sedimenary Petrology :GEOLOGY 8

Question 278

3. Sedimenary Petrology :

Answer 278

Sedimentas and Sedimentary rocks: Processes offormation; digenesis and lithitication; Clastic and non-clasticrocks-their classitic ation, petrography and depositionalenvironment; Sedimentary facies and provenance. Sedimentarystructures and their significance. Heavy minerals and theirs ignificance. Sedimentary basins of India.GEOLOGY 9

Question 279

4. Economic Geology:

Answer 279

Ore, ore mineral and gangue, tenor of ore. Classiticationof ore deposits; Processes of formation of mineral deposits;Controls of ore localisation; Ore texures and s tructures;Metallogenic epochs and provinces; Geology of the importantIndian deposit<> of aluminium, chromium, copper, gold, iron,lead, zinc, manganese, titanium, uranium and thorium andindustrial minerals; Deposit<> of coal and petroleum in India,National Mineral Policy; Conservation and utilization of mineralresources. Marine mineral resources and Law of Sea.GEOLOGY10

Question 280

5. lVlining Geology:

Answer 280

Methods of prospecting- geological, geophysical,geochemical and geobotanical; Techniques of sampling.Estimation of reseTVes of ore; Methods of exploration andmining-metallic ores, indus trial minerals, marine mineralresources and building stones. Mineral beneficiation and oredressing.GEOLOGY 11

Question 281

6. Ceo chemistry and Environmental Geology :

Answer 281

Cosmic abundance of elements. Composition of theplanets and meteorites. Structure and composition of earthand distribution of elements. Trace elements. Element<> ofcrystal chemis try-types of chemical bonds, coordinationnumber. Isomorphi sm and polymorphism. Elementarythermodynamics.Natural hazards-tloods, mass wasting, costal hazards,earthquakes and vol canic activ ity and mitigati on;Environmental impact of urbanization, mining, industrial andradioactive waste disposal, use of fertilizers, dumping of minewaste and tly-ash. Pollution of ground and surface water,marine pollution. Environment protection-legislativemeasures in lndia; Sea level changes: causes and impact.GEOLOGY12

Question 282

l.AdvancedlVIicroEconomics:

Answer 282

(a) Marshallian and Varrasiam Approaches to Pricedetermination.(b) Alternative Distribution Theories; Ricardo, Kaldor,Kaleeki.(c) Markets Structure : Monopolistic Competition,Duopoly, Oligopoly.(d) Modem Welfare Criteria :Pareto Hicks and Scitovsky,Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem, A. K. Sen’s SocialWelfare Function.ECONOMY 1

Question 283

2. AdvancelVIacroEconomics:

Answer 283

Approaches to Employment Income and Interest Ratedetermination : Classical, Keynes (IS)-LM) curve,Neo-classical synthesis and New classical, Theoriesof Interest Rate determination and Interest RateStructure.ECONOMY 2

Question 284

3. Money-Banking and Finance:

Answer 284

(a) Demand for and Supply of Money : Money MultiplierQuantity Theory of Money (Fi sher, Pique andFr iedman) and Keyne’s Theory on Demand forMoney, Goals and Ins truments of MonetaryManagement in Closed and Open Economies.Relation between the Central Bank and the Treasury.Proposal for ceiling on growth rate of money.(b) Public Finance and its Role in market Economy : Instabilisation of supply, allocative, of resources andin distribution and development. Sources ofGovemmentrevenue, forms ofTaxes and Subsidies,their incidence and effects. Limits to taxation, loans,crowding-out effects and limits to borrowings. Publicexpenditure and its effects.ECONOMY 3

Question 285

4. International Economics:

Answer 285

(a) Old and New theories of International Trade.(i) Comparative advantage,(ii) Terms of Trade and Offer Curve.(iii) Product Cycle and Strategic Trade Theories.(iv) Trade as an engine of growth and theories ofunderdevelopment in an open economy.(b) Forms of Protection : Tariff and quota.(c) Balance of Payments Adjustment : AlternativeApproaches.(i) Price versus income, income adjustmentsunder tixed exchange rates.(ii) Theories of Policy Mix.(iii) Exchange rate adjustments under capitalmobility.(iv) Floating Rates and their Implications forDeveloping Countries : Currency Boards.(v) Trade Policy and Developing Countries.(vi) BOP, adjustments and Policy Coordination inopen economy macromodel.(vii) Speculative attacks.(viii) Trade Blocks and Monetary Unions.(ix) WTO : TRIMS, TRIPS, Domestic Measures,Different Rounds ofWTO talks.ECONOMY 4

Question 286

5. Growth and Development:

Answer 286

(a) (i) Theories of growth : Harrod’s mode];(ii) Lewis mode] of development with surplus labour.(iii) Balanced Unbalanced Growth.(iv) Human Capitals and Economic Growth.(v) Research and Development and Economic Growth.(b) Process of Economic Development of Jess developedcourtries : Myrda] and Kuzments on economicdevelopment and structural change: Role of Agriculturein Economic Development of1ess developed countries.(c) Economic Development and International Trade andInvestment, Role of Multinationals.(d) Planning and Economic Development : changing ro]e ofMarkets and Planning, Private-Pu b1i c Partners hip.(e) Welfare indicators and measures of growth-HumanDevelopment Indices. The basic needs approach.(f) Development and Environmental Sustainabi1ityRenewab1eand Non-renewable Resources,Environmental Degradation, Intergenerationa] equitydevelopment.ECONOMY 5

Question 287

6. Indian Economics in Post-Independence Era :

Answer 287

Land System and its changes, Commercialization ofagriculture Drain theory, Laissez faire theory and critique.Manufacture and Transport: Jute, Cotton, Railways, Moneyand Credit.ECONOMY 6

Question 288

7. Indian Economy after Independence:

Answer 288

A. The Pre-Liberalization Era:(i) Contribution of Vakil, Gadgil and V.K.R.V. Rao.(ii) Agricultrure : Land Reforms and land tenure system,Green Revolution and capital formation in agriculture.(iii) Industry Trends in composition and growth, Role ofpublic and private sector, small scale and cottageindustries.(iv) National and Per capita income : Patterns, trends,aggregate and sectoral composition and changestherein.(v) Broad factors determining National Income anddistribution, Measures of poverty, Trends in povertyand inequality.ECONOMY 7

Question 289

B. The Post-Liberalization Era:

Answer 289

(i) New Economic Reform and Agriculture : Agricultureand WTO, Food processing, subsidies, Agriculturalprices and public distribution system, Impact of publicexpenditure on agricultural growth.(ii) New Economic Policy and Industry : Strategy ofindustrialization, Privatization, Di sinvestment~, Roleof foreign direct investment and multinationals.(iii) New Economic Policy and Trade : Intellectualproperty rights: Implications ofTRIPS, TRIMS, GATSand new EXIM policy.(iv) New Exchange Rate Regime : Partial and fullconvertibility, Capital account convertibility.(v) New Economic Policy and Public Finance : FiscalResponsibility Act, Twelfth Finance Commission andFiscal Federalism and Fiscal Consolidation.(vi) New Economic Policy and Monetary System. Roleof RBI under the new regime.(vii) Planning : From central Planning to indicativeplanning, Relation between planning and market~for growth and decentralized planning : 73rd and 74thConstitutional amendments.(viii) New Economic Policy and Employment : Employmentand poverty, Rural wages, Employment Generation,Poverty alleviation schemes, New Rural, EmploymentGuarantee Scheme.ECONOMY 8

Question 290

Accounting and FinanceAccounting, Taxation &Auditing1. Financing Accounting:

Answer 290

Accounting as a financial information system;Impact of behavioural sciences. AccountingStandards e.g., Accounting for Depreciation,Inventories, Research and Development Costs,Long-term Construction Contracts, RevenueRecognition, Fixed Assets, Contingencies,Foreign Exchange Transactions, InvestmenL’\ andGovernment Grants, Cash Flow Statement,Eamings per Share.Accounting for Share Capital Transactionsincluding Bonus Shares, Right Shares.Emplyees Stock Option and Buy-Back ofSecurities.Preparation and Presentation of Company FinalAccounts.Amalgamations, Absorption and Reconstructionof Companies.COMMERCE & ACCOUNTING 1

Question 291

2. Cost Accounting:

Answer 291

Nature and functions of cost accounting.Installation of Cost Accounting System. CostConcepts related to Income Measurement, ProfitPlanning, Cost Control and Decision Making.Methods of Costing: Job Costing, ProcessCosting, Activity Based Costing.Volume-cost-Profit Relationship as a tool of ProfitPlanning.Incremental Analysis/Differential Costing as aTool of Pricing Decisions, Product Decisions,Make or Buy Decisions, Shut-Down Decisionsetc.Techniques of Cost Control and Cost Reduction :Budgeting as a Tool of Planning and Control.Standard Costing and Variance Analysis.Responsibility Accounting and Divisional PerformanceMeasurement.COMMERCE & ACCOUNTING 2

Question 292

3. Taxation:

Answer 292

Income Tax: Definitions. Basis of charge; Incomeswhich do not form part of total income. Simpleproblems of Computation of Income ( ofindi vidualsonly) under various heads, i.e., Salaries, Incomefrom House Properly, Profits and Gains fromBusiness or Profession, Capital Gains, Income fromother sources, Income of other Persons includedin Assessee’s Total Income.Set-off and Carry forward of Loss.Deductions from Gross Total Income.Salient Features/Provisions Related to YAI andServices Tax.COMMERCE & ACCOUNTING 3

Question 293

4. Auditing:

Answer 293

Company AudiL: AudiL relaLed Lo Divisible ProfiL<>,Di vidends, Special invest.igat.ions, Tax auditAudiL of Banking, In surance , Non-ProfiLOrganiL.aLion and ChariLable SocieLies!Iru sL<>IOrganiLat.ions.COMMERCE & ACCOUNTING 4

Question 294

Financial Management, Financial Institutionsand Markets

Answer 294

1. Financial Management:Finance Function : Nature, Scope and Objectives ofFinancial Management: Risk and Return Relationship.Tools of Financial Analysis: Ratio Analysis,Funds-Flow and Cash-Flow Stalemenl.Capital Budgeting Decisions: Process, Proceduresand Appraisal Melhods. Risk and Uncertainty Anlysisand Melhods.Cost of Capital : Concept, CompuLaLion of SpecificCosL<> and WeighLed Average Cost of Capital.CAPM as a Tool of Determining Cost of Equity Capita!.Financing Decisions: Theories of CapitalStructure-Net Income (NI) Approach.Net Operating Income (NOI) Approach, MMApproach and Traditional Approach. Designingof Capital structure: Types of Leverages(Operating, Financial and Combined), EBIT-EPSAnalysis, and other Factors.Dividend Decisions and Valuation of FirmWalter’s Model, MM Thesis, Gordan’s ModelLinLner’s Model. Factors Affecting DividendPolicy.Working CapiLal Management Planning ofWorking CapiLal. Determinants of WorkingCapiLal. Components of Working CapiLal-Cash, Inventory and Receivables.Corporate Restructuring with focus on Mergersand Acquisitions (Financial aspect only).COMMERCE & ACCOUNTING 5

Question 295

2. Financial Markets and Institutions :

Answer 295

Indian Financial System: An OverviewMoney Markets: ParticipanL<>, Structure and InstrumenL<>. Commercial Banks. Reforms inBanking Sector. Monetary and Credit Policy ofRBI. RBI as a Regulator.Capital Market : Primary and Secondary Market.Financial MarkeL InsLrumenL’\ and InnovativeDebt Instruments; SEBI as a Regulator.Financial Services : Mutual Funds, Venture Capital,Credit Rating Agencies, Insurance and IRDA.COMMERCE & ACCOUNTING 6

Question 296

Organisation Theory and Behaviours, Human Resource Management and Industrial RelationsOrganisation Theory and Behaviour

Answer 296

1. Organisation Theory :Nature and ConcepL of Organisation; ExLernalEnvironmenL of OrganisaLion- Technological,Social, PoliLical , Ecomomical and Legal;OrganizaLional Goals Primary and SecondaryGoals, Single and MulLiple Goals; Managememby ObjecLives.Evol ution of Organisation Lheory : Classical Neoclassicaland sysLem approach.Modern Concepls of OrganisaLion Theory :OrganisaLional Design, Organisational SLrucLUreand Organisational Cullure.OrganisaLional Design-Basic Challenges;DifferenLiaLion and InLerg raLion Process;Cemralizalion and DecenLralizaLion Process;SLandardizaLion/FormalizaLion and MuLu alAdjusLmenL. CoordinaLing Formal and InformalOrganizaLions. MechanisLic and OrganicSLrucLures.Designing OrganizaLional sLrucLures- AuLhoriLyand ConLrol; Line and SLaff F uncLi on s,SpecializaLion and CoordinaLion. Types ofOrganization SLrucLure- FuncLional. MauaixSLrucLure, ProjecL Suauclure. NaLure and Basis ofPower, Sources of Power, Power SLrucLure andPoliLics. ImpacL of Information Technology onOrganizaLional Design and SLrucLure.Managing OrganizaLional CulLure.COMMERCE & ACCOUNTING 72. Organisation Behaviour:Meaning and Concept; Individual in organiLalion:Personality, Theories, and DeterminanL<>; PerecepLion Meaning and Process.Motivation : Concepts, Theories and Applica- Lions. Leadership–Theories and Styles. Qualily of Work Life (QWL): Meaning and iL<> impact on Performance, Ways of its Enhancement.Quality Circles (QC)-Meaning and their Imporlance. Management of Conflicts in OrganiLalions. Trans- acLional Analysis, OrganiLalionalEffectiveness, Management of Change.COMMERCE & ACCOUNTING 8

Question 297

Human Resources Management and IndustriaI Relations

Answer 297

1. Human Resources Management (HRM):Meaning Nature and Scope of HRM, HumanResource Planning, Job Ana lys is, JobDescripli on, Job Specification, RecruitmenLProcess, Selection Process, Orientational andPlacement, Training and Development Process,Performance Appraisal and360! FeedBack, Salaryand Wage Admini stration, Job Evaluation,Employee Welfare, Promotions, Transfers andSeparalions.COMMERCE & ACCOUNTING 9

Question 298

2. Industrial Relations (IR):

Answer 298

Meaning, NaLUre, Importance and Scope of lR,FormaLion of Trade Union, Trade UnionLegislaLion , Trade Union MovemenL in India.RecogniLion of Trade Unions, Problems of TradeUnions in India. ImpacL of Liberalization on TradeUnion MovementNaLure of Industrial DispuLes: SLrikes and LockouLs, Causes of DispuLes, Prevention and SeLLlemenL of DispuLes.Worker’s ParLicipation in ManagemenL: Philosophy,Rationale, Presenl Day SLaLus and Fulure ProspecLs.Adjudication and CollecLive Bargaining.Indusuaial RelaLions in Public EnLerprisesAbsenLeeism and Labour Turnover in IndianIndusLries and Lheir Causes and Remedies.lLO and iLs FuncLions.COMMERCE & ACCOUNTING 10

Question 299

Ecology and its relevance to man,

Answer 299

natural resources,their sustainable management and conservation. Physical andsocial environment as factors of crop distribution andproduction. Agro ecology; cropping pattem as indicators ofenvironmenL<>. Environmental pollution and associated hazardsto crops, animals and humans. Climate change-Internationalconventions and global initiatives. Green house effect andglobal warming. Advance tools for ecosystem analysisRemoteSensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems(GIS).

Question 300

Cropping patterns in different agro-climatic zones ofthe country.

Answer 300

Impact of high-yielding and short-durationvarieties on shifts in cropping pattems. Concepts of variouscropping, and farming systems. Organic and Precision fatming.Package of practices for production ofimportant cereals, pulses,oil seed<>, fibres, sugar, commercial and fodder crops.

Question 301

Important features, and scope of various types of farestry plantations such as

Answer 301

social forestry, agro-forestry , andnatural forests: Propagation of forest planL<>. Forest products.Agro-forestry and value addition. Conservation of forest Doraand fauna.

Question 302

Weeds, their characteristics,

Answer 302

dissemination and association with various crops; their multiplications; cultural, biological, and chemical control of weeds.

Question 303

Soil-physical, chemical and biological properties.

Answer 303

Processesand factors of soil formation. Soils of India. Mineral andorganic constituents of soils and their role in maintaining soiI productivity. Essential plant nutrients and other beneficialelements in soils and plants. Principles of soil fertility, soiltesting and fertiliser recommendations, integrated nutrientmanagement B iofertilizers. Losses of nitrogen in soil, nitrogenuseefficiency in submerged rice soils, nitrogen fixation insoils. Efficient phosphoruse and potassium use. Problem soilsand their reclamation. Soil factors affecting green house gasemission.

Question 304

Soil conservation,

Answer 304

integrated watershed management.Soil erosion and its management. Dry land agriculture and itsproblems. Technology for stabilising agriculture productionin rainfed areas.

Question 305

Water-use efficiency in relation to crop production,

Answer 305

criteria for scheduling irrigations, ways and means of reducingrun-off losses of irrigation water. Rainwater harvesting. Dripand sptinkler irrigation. Drainage of water-logged soils, qualityof irrigation water, effect of industrial efnuenL

Question 306

Farm management, scope, importance andcharacteristics, farm planning.

Answer 306

Optimum resource use andbudgeting. Economics of different types of farming systems.Marketing management strategies for development, marketintelligence. Price fluctuations and their cost; role of cooperativesin agricultural economy; types and systems offarming and factors affecting them. Agricultural price policy.Crop Insurance.

Question 307

Agricultural extension, its importance and role,

Answer 307

methods of evaluation of extension programmes, socio-economicsurvey and status of big, small and marginal farmers andlandless agricultural labourers; Training programmes forextension workers. Role of Krishi Yigyan Kendra’s (KVK) indissemination of Agricultural technologies. Non-GovernmentOrganisation (NGO) and self-help group approach for ruraldevelopment.AGRICULTURE G & E 1

Question 308

Cell structun:. function ami cell cycle. SynLhesis, Slruclureand funcLion of gene Lic maLerial.

Answer 308

Laws of herediLy. Chromosome sLrucLure, chromosomal aberra lions, linkage and cross-over, and Lheir significance in recombinaLion breeding. Polyploidy, euploid<> and ane uploid<>. MuLaLion- and their roIe in crop imp rovement HeriLabiliLy, sLedliLy andincompaLibiliLy, cla<>sificaLion and Lheir applicaLion in cropimprovement CyLoplasmic inheriLance, sex-l inked, sex influencedand sex-limiLed characLers.

Question 309

HisLory of plam breeding. Modes of reproducLion,

Answer 309

selfing and crossing Lechniques. Origin, evoluLion anddomesLicaLion of c rop planls, cenLer of origin , law ofhomologous series, crop geneLic resources- conservaLionand uLilizaLion. ApplicaLi on of principles of plam breeding,improvemenL of crop planls. Molecular markers and LheirapplicaLion in planL improvement Pure-line selecLion, pedigree,mass and recu rrenL selecLions, combining abil iLy, iLssignificance in planL breedin g. HeLerosis and iL<> exploiLaLion.Soma Lic h ybrid izaLi on. Breeding for disease and p esLresisLance. Role of inLerspecifi c and inLergeneric hybridizalion.Role of geneLic en gineering and bioLechnology in cropimprovemenLGerneLically modified crop plant<>.

Question 310

Seed producLion and processing Lechnologies.

Answer 310

SeedcerLificaLion, Seed LesLing and sLorage. DNA finger prinLingand seed regisLraLion. Role of public and privale secLOrs inseed p roducLion, and markeLing.lnLellecLual ProperLy RighLs(IPR) issues, WTO issues and iLs impacL on AgricuiLure.

Question 311

Principles of PlanL Physiology wiLh reference to

Answer 311

plamnuLriLi on, absorpLion, LranslocaLion and meLaboli sm ofnutrienLs. Soil-waLer-planL relaLionship.

Question 312

Enzymes and plant pigment<>; photosynthesis- modem concept<> and facLOrs affecling Lhe process,

Answer 312

aerobic andanaerobic respiralion; C3, C4 and CAM mechanisms. CarbohydraLe, proLein and faL meLabolism. Growlh and developmenL; phoLOperiodism and vemalizaLion. PlanL growlh subsLances and their role in crop producLion. Physiology ofseed developmen L and germinaLion; dormancy. SLressphysiology-draughL, saiL and waLer stress.

Question 313

Major fruits, plantation crops, vegeLables, spices and Dower crops.

Answer 313

Package pracLices of major horLiculLural crops.ProLecLed cuiLi vaLion and high Lech horLiculLure.PosL-harvesLLechnology and val ue addiLion of fruiLs and vegeLables.Land<>caping and commercial Ooricullure. Medicinal and aromaLic plant<>. Role of fruils and vegeLables in human nutr ilion.

Question 314

Diagnosis of pesL<> and diseases of field c rops,

Answer 314

vegeLables, orchard and planLaLion crops and Lheir economicimporLance. Classificalion of pest<> and diseases and theirmanagement lnLergraLed pesL and diseases managementSLorage pest<> and their management Biological conLrol ofpest<> and disea<>es. Epidemiology and forecasLing of majorcrop pesL<> and diseases. PlanL quaranline measures. PesLicides,Lheir formulaLion and modes of acLion.

Question 315

Food production and consumption trends in India. Food securily and growing populaLion- vision 2020.

Answer 315

Reasons for grain surplus. N alional and lnLemaLional food policies. ProducLion, procuremenL, disuaibuLion consLrainL<>. AvailabiliLy of foodguaains, per capiLa expendilure on food. Trends in poverLy,Public DisLribuLion SysLem and Below PoverLy Line populaLion, TargeLed Public DisuaibuLion SysLem (PDS), policyimplemenLa Lion in conLexL Lo globa li zaLion. ProcessingconsLraint<>. Re laLion of food produc Lion Lo NaLional DieLaryGuidelines and food consumplion paLLem. Food ba..ed dieLaryapproaches Lo eliminaLe hunger. Nuui enLdeficiency- MicronuLrienL deficiency : ProLein Energy MalnuuaiLion or ProLeinCalorie MalnuuaiLion (PEM or PCM), Micro nuuaienL deficiencyand HRD in conLexL of work capaciLy of women and children.Food grain producLiviLy and food securiLy.AGRICULTURE G & E 2

Question 316

I. Animal Nutrition:Partitioning of food energy within the animal,

Answer 316

1.1 Partitioning of food energy within the animal. Directand indirect calorimetry. Carbon-nitrogen balanceand comparative slaughter methods. Systems forexpressing energy value of foods in ruminants, pigsand poullry. Energy requirements for maintenance,growth, pregnancy, lactation, egg, wool, and meaLproduction.1.2 Latest advances in protein nutrition. Energy proLe ininLer-relaLionships. Evaluation ofproLein quality. Useof NPN compounds in ruminant diets. Proteinrequirements for maintenance, growth, pregnancy,lacLaLion, egg, wool and meaL production.1.3 Major and trace minerals- Their sources,physiological functions and deficiency symptoms.Toxic minerals. Mineral interactions. Role offaLsoluble and water-soluble vitamins in the body,their sources and deficiency symptoms.1.4 Feed additives-methane inhibitors, probiotics,enzymes, antibiotics, hormones, oligosaccharides,antioxidants, emulsifiers, mould inhibitors, buffersetc. Use and abuse of growth promoters likeharmones and antibioLics-laLesL concepts.1.5 Conservation of fodders. Storage of feed<> and feedingredienL<>. Recent advances in feed Lechnology andfeed processing. Anti-nutritional and toxic fac torspresent in livestock feeds. Feed analysis and qualitycontrol. Digestibility trials-direct, indirect andindicator methods. Predicting feed intake in grazinganimals.1.6 Advances in ruminant nutrition. NutrientrequiremenL<>. Balanced rations. Feeding of calves,pregnant, work animals and breeding bulls. StraLegiesfor feeding milch animals during different stages oflacLation cycle. Effect of feeding on milk composition.Feeding of goats for meal and milk production.Feeding of sheep for meal and wool production.1.7 Swine Nutrition. Nutrient requirements. Creep, starter,grower and finisher rations. Feeding of pigs for leanmeal production. Low cost rations for swine.1.8 Poultry nutrition. Special features of poultry nutrition.N utrienl requirements for meal and egg production.Formulation of rations for different classes oflayersand broilers.ANIMAL HUSBANDARY & VETERINARY SCIENCE

Question 317

2.Animal Physiology : Physiology of blood and iLs circulation, respiration;excreLion

Answer 317

2.1 Physiology of blood and iLs circulation, respiration;excreLion. Endocrine glands in heallh and disease.2.2 Blood consliluenls.-Properties and funclions-bloodcell formaLion-Haemoglobin synLhesis andchemisLry-plasma pro Leins produclion, classificationand properties, coagulation ofblood; Haemorrhagicdisorders-anli -coagulanls-blood groups-Bloodvolume-Plasma expanders-Buffer sysLems in blood.Biochemical Lesls and Lheir significance in diseasediagnosis.2.3 CirculaLion.-Physiology of hearl, cardiac cycle,hearl sounds, hearl beal, eleclrocardiograms. Workand efficiency of hearL-effecL of ions on hearlfuncLion-meLabolism of cardiac muscle, nervous andchemical regulation of hearl, effecl of Lemperalureand slress on hearL, blood pressuer andhyperlension, osmoLic regulaLion, arLerial pulse,va.:;omolor regulation of circulation, shock. Coronaryand pulmonary circulaLion, Blood-Brain barrierCerebrospinal fluid-circulation in bird.:;.2.4 Respiration.-Mechanism ofrespiraLion, Transporland exchange of gases-neural conlrol of respiraLionChemo-recepLors-hypoxia-respiraLion in birds.2.5 Excretion.-Slruclure and funcLion of kidneyformaLionof urine-melhods of sludying renalfunclion-renal regulaLion of acid-base balance :physiological consLiLuenls of urine-renal failurepassivevenous congesLion-Urinary secrelion inchicken-Sweal glands and Lheir funcLion. BiochemicalLesl for urinary dysfunction.2.6 Endocrine glands.-Functional disorders-theirsymploms and diagnosis. SynLhesis of hormones,mechanism and conlrol of secretion-hormonalreceplors-classificaLion and funclion.2.7 Growlh and Animal Production.-PrenaLal andposLnaLal growlh, maluraLion, growlh curves,measures of growlh, faclors affecling growlh,conformaLion, body composition, meal qualiLy.2.8 Physiology of Milk Produclion, Reproduclion andDigesLion.-CurrenL slalus of hormonal conlrol ofmammary developmenl, milk secreLion and milkejection. Male and Female reproductive organs, Lheircomponenls and funcLions. DigesLive organs andLheir functions.2.9EnvironmenLal Physiology.-Physiological relaLionsand Lheir regulation; mechanisms of adaplalion,environmenLal faclors and regulaLory mechanismsinvolved in animal behaviour, climalology-variousparamelers and Lheir imparLance. Animal ecology.Physiology of behaviour. Effecl of slress on heallhand producLion.ANIMAL HUSBANDARY & VETERINARY SCIENCE 2

Question 318

1 .Anatomy, Pharmacology and Hygiene: Histology and Histological Techniques

Answer 318

1.1 Histology and Histological Techniques : Paraffinembedding technique of tissue processing and H.E.sLaining-Freezing microtomy-Microscopy Brightfield microscope and electron microscope. Cytologystructureof cell organells and inclusions; celldivision-cell types-Tissues and their classificationembryonicand adult tissues-Comparativehistology of organs-Vascular, Nervous, digestive,respiratory, musculo-skeletal and urogenitalsystems-Endocrine glands-lute guments-senseorgans.1.2 Embryology.-Embryology of vertebrates withspecial reference to aves and domestic mammalsgametogenesis-fertilization-germ layers-foetalmembranes and placentation-types of placenta indomestic mammals-Teratology-twins and twinningorganogenesis-germ layer deri vatives-endodermal,mesodermal and ectodermal derivatives.1.3 Bovine Anatomy.-Regional Anatomy : Paranasalsinuses of OX-surface anatomy of salivary gland<>.Regional anatomy of infraorbital, maxillary, mandibuloalveolar,mental and cmannal nerve block.Regional anatomy of paravertebral nerves, pudentalnerve, median, ulnar and radial nervestibial, fibularand digital nerves-Cranial nerves-structuresinvolved in epidural anaesthesia-superficial lymphnodes-surface anatomy of visceral organs of thoracic,abdominal and pel vic cavities-comparative-featuresof locomotor apparatus and their application in thebiomechanics of mammalian body.1.4 Anatomy of FowL-Musculo-skeletal systemfunctionalanatomy in relation to respiration andflying, digestion and egg production.1.5 Pharmacology and therapeutics drugs.—Cellularlevel of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics.Drugs acting on fluid<> and electrolyte balance. Drugsacting on Autonomic nervous system. Modernconcepts of anaesthesia and dissociativeanaesthetics. Autocoids. Antimicrobials andprinciples of chemotherapy in microbial infections.Use ofhormones in therapeutics-chemotherapy ofparasitic infections. Drug and economic concems inthe Edible tissues of animals-chemotherapy ofNeoplastic diseases. Toxicity due to “insecticides,plants, metals, non-metals, zootoxins andmycotoxins”.1.6 Veterinary Hygiene with reference to water, air andhabitation.-Assessment of pollution of water, airand soil-Importance of climate in animal healtheffectof environment on animal function andperformance relationship between industrialisationand animal agticulture-animal housing requiremenL<>for specific categories of domestic animals viz.pregnant cows and sows, milking cows, broilerbirds-stress, strain and productivity in relation toanimal habitation.ANIMAL HUSBANDARY & VETERINARY SCIENCE 3

Question 319

2. Animal Diseases :

Answer 319

2.1 Etiology, epidemiology pathogenesis, symptoms,post-moretem lesions, diagnosis, and control ofinfectious diseases of caule, sheep and goat, horses,pigs and poultry.2.2 Etiology, epidemiology, symptoms, diagnosis,treatment of production diseases of cattle, horse,pig and poultry.2.3 Deficiency diseases of domestic animals and birds.2.4 Diagnosis and treatment of non-specific conditionslike impaction, Bloat, Diarrhoea, Indigestion,dehydration, stroke, poisioning.2.5 Diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders.2.6 Principles and methods ofimmunisation of animalsagainst specific diseases-hard immunitydiseasefree zones-‘zero’ disease concept- chemoprophylaxis.2.7 Anaesthesia.-local, regional and general-prenesthetic medication. Symptoms and surgicalinterference in fractures and dislocation. Hemia,choking abomassal displacement-Caesarianoperations. Rumenotomy–Castrations.2.8 Disease investigation techniques.-Materials forlaboratory investigation-Establishment. AnimalHealth Centres-Disease free zone.ANIMAL HUSBANDARY & VETERINARY SCIENCE 4

Question 320

3 Veterinary Public Health :

Answer 320

3.1 Zoonoses.-Classification, definition, role of animalsand birds in prevalence and transmission of zoonoticdiseases-occupational zoonotic diseases.3.2 Epidemiology.-Principle, definition of epidemiologicalterms, application of epidemiologicalmeasures in the study of diseases and disease control.Epidemiological features of air, water and food borneinfections. OlE regulation, WTO, sanitary andphytosanitary measures.3.3 Veterinary Jurisprudence.-Rules and Regulationsfor improvement of animal quality and prevention ofanimal diseases-State and Central Rules forprevention of animal and animal product bornediseases-S.P. C.A.-Yelerolegal casesCertificates-Materials and Methods of collectionof samples for veterolegal investigation.ANIMAL HUSBANDARY & VETERINARY SCIENCE 5

Question 321

4 Mlk and Mlk Products Technology :

Answer 321

4.1 Market Milk.-Quality, testing and grading of rawmilk. Processing, packaging, storing, distribution,marketing defects and their control. Preparation ofthe following milks: Pasteurized, standardized, toned,double toned, sterilized, homogenized, reconstituted,recombined and flavoured milks. Preparation ofcultured milks, cultures and their management,yoghurt, Dahi, Lassi and Srikhand. Preparation offlavoured and sterilized milks. Legal standards.Sanitation requirement for clean and safe milk andfor the milk plant equipment.4.2 Milk Products Technology.-Selection of rawmaterials , processing, storing, di stributing andmarketing milk products such as Cream, Butter, Ghee,Khoa, Channa, Cheese, condensed, evaporated, driedmilk and baby food, Ice cream and Kulfi; by-producL

Question 322

5. MatHygieneand Technology:

Answer 322

5.1 MatHygiene5.1.1 Ante mortem care and management of food animals,stunning, slaughter and dressing operations; abattoirrequirements and designs; Meat inspectionprocedures and judgement of carcass meat cutsgradingof carcass meal cuts–duties and functionsof Veterinarians in wholesome meal production.5.1.2 Hygienic methods ofhandling production ofmeat.Spoilageof meal and control measures-Postslaughterphysicochemical changes in meat andfactors that influence them–Quality improvementmethods-Adulteration of meal and detectionRegulatoryprovisions in MeaLLrade and Industry.5.2 Mat Technology5.2.1 Physical and chemical characteristics ofmeat.Meatemulsions-Methods of preservation ofmeaL—Cudng, canning, itmdiation, packaging of meatand meal producL

Question 323

1. Microbiology and Plant Pathology :

Answer 323

1. Microbiology and Plant Pathology :Structure and reproduction/multiplication ofviruses,viroids, bacteria, fungi and mycoplasma;Applications of microbiology in agticulture, industry,medicine and in control of soil and water pollution;Prion and Prion hypothesis.Important crop diseases caused by viruses, bacteria,mycoplasma, fungi and nematodes; Modes ofinfection and dissemination; Molecular basis ofinfection and disease resistance/defence;Physiology of parasitism and control measures.Fungal toxins. Modelling and disease forecasting;Plant quarantine.BOTANY 1

Question 324

2. Cryptogams:

Answer 324

2. Cryptogams:Algae , fungi, lichens, bryophyLes, pleridophyLessLrucLureand reproduction from evol uLionaryviewpoint; Distribution of Cryptogams in India andtheir ecological and economic importance.BOTANY 2

Question 325

3. Phanerogams:

Answer 325

3. Phanerogams:Gymnosperms : Concept of Progymnosperms.Classification and distribution of gymnosperms. Salient features of Cycadales, Ginkgoales, Coniferales and Gnetales, their structure and reproduction.General account ofCycadofilicales, Bennettitales andCordiaitailes; Geological time scale; Type of fossilsand their study techniques.Angiosperms : Systematics, anatomy, embryology,palynology and phylogency.Taxonomic hierarchy; Intemational Code of BotanicalNomenclature; Numerical taxomomy andchemotaxomomy; Evidence from anatomy,embryology and palynology.Origin and evolution of angiosperms; Comparativeaccount of various systems of classification ofangiosperms; Study of angiospermic familiesMangnoliaceae,Ranunculaceae, Brassicaceae,Rosaceae, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae,Dipterocarpaceae, Apiaceae, Asclepiadaceae,Verbenaceae, Solanaceae, Rubiaceae, Cucurbitaceae,Asteraceae, Poaceae, Arecaceae, Liliaceae,Musaceae and Orchidaceae.Stomata and their types; Glandular and non-glandular trichomes; Unusual secondary growth;Anatomy of c, and C4 plants; Xylem and phloemdifferentiation; Wood anatomy.Development of male and female gametophytes,pollination, fertilization; Endosperm-its development and function. Pattems of embryodevelopment; Polyembroyony, apomixes;Applications of palynology; Experimentalembryology including pollen storage and test-tubefertilization.4. Plant Resource Development:Domestication and introduction of plants; Origin ofcultivated plants, Vavilov’s centres of origin. Plantsas sources for food, fodder, fibres, spices, beverages,edible oils, drugs, narcotics, insecticides, timber,gums, resins and dyes; latex, cellulose, starch andiL<> products; Perfumery; Importance ofEthnobotanyin Indian context; Energy plantations; BotanicalGardens and Herbaria.5. Morphogenesis:Totipotency, polarity, symmetry and differentiation;Cell, tissue, organ and protoplast culture. Somatichybrids and Cybtids; Micropropagation; Somaclonalvariation and its applications; Pollen haploids,embryo rescue methods and their applications.BOTANY 3

Question 326

1. Cell Biology :

Answer 326

1. Cell Biology :Techniques of cell bioi ogy. Prokaryotic andeukaryolic cells-structural and ultrastructuraldetails; Structure and function of extracellular matrix(cell wall) and membranes-cell adhesion, membranetransport and vesicular transport; Structure andfunction of cell organelles (chloroplasts,mitochondria, ER, dictyosomes ribosomes,endosomes,lysosomes, peroxisomes; Cytoskelatonand microtubules; Nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear porecomplex; Chromatin and nucleosome; Cell signallingand cell receptors; Signal transduction Mitosis andmeiosis; molecular basis of cell cycle. Numerical andstructural variations in chromosomes and theirsignificance; Chromatin organization and packagingof genome; Polytene chromosomes; Lchromosomes-structure, behaviour andsignificance.BOTANY 4

Question 327

2. Genetics, Molecular Biology and Evolution:

Answer 327

2. Genetics, Molecular Biology and Evolution:Development of genetics, and gene versus alleleconcepts (Pseudoalleles); Quantitative genetics andmultiple factors; Incomplete dominance, polygenicinheritance, multiple alleles; Linkage and crossingover of gene mapping including molecular maps (ideaof mapping, function); Sex chromosomes and sexlinkedinheritance; sex determination and molecularbasis of sex differentiation; Mutations (biochemicaland molecular basis); Cytoplasmic inheritance andcytoplasmic genes (including genetics of malesterility).Structure and synthesis of nucleic acids andproteins; Genetic code and regulation of geneexpression; Gene silencing; Multigene families;Organic evolution-evidences, mechanism andtheories.Role of RNA in origin and evolution.BOTANY 5

Question 328

3. Plant Breeding, Biotechnology and Biostatistics:

Answer 328

3. Plant Breeding, Biotechnology and Biostatistics:Methods of plant breeding-introduction, selectionand hybridization (pedigree, backcross, massselection, bulk method); Mutation, polyploidy, malesterility and heterosis breeding. Use of apomixes inplant breeding; DNA sequencing; Geneticengineering-methods of transfer of genes;Transgenic crops and biosafety aspects;Development and use of molecular markers in plantbreeding; Tools and techniques-probe, southemblouing, DNA fingerprinting, PCR and FISH.Standard deviation andcoefficientofvatiation (CV).TesL-> of significance (Z-test, t-test and chi-squaretesL-> ). Probability and distributions (nmmal, binomialand Poisson). Correlation and regression.BOTANY 6

Question 329

4. Physiology and Biochemistry:

Answer 329

4. Physiology and Biochemistry:Water relations, mineral nutrition and ion transport,mineral deficiencies. Photosynthesis-photochemicalreactions, photophosphorylation and carbon fixationpathways; c,, C4 and CAM pathways; Mechanismof pholem transport, Respiration (anerobic andaerobic, including fermenLation)-electron transportchain and oxidative phosphorylation;PhoLorespiraLion; ChemiosmoLic theory and ATPsynthesis; Lipid metabolism; Nitrogen fixation andnitrogen metabolism. Enzymes, coenzymes; Energytransfer and energy conservation. Importance ofsecondary metabolites. PigmenL’\ as photoreceptors(plastidial pigments and phytochrome). Plantmovements; Photoperiodism and flowering,vemalization, senescence; Growth substances-theirchemical nature, role and applications in agrihorticulLure;growth indices, growth movements.Stress physiology (heal, water, salinity, metal); Fruitand seed physiology. Dormancy, storage andgermination of seed. Fruit ripening-its molecularbasis and manipulation.BOTANY 7

Question 330

5. Ecology and Plant Geography:

Answer 330

5. Ecology and Plant Geography:Concept of ecosystem; Ecological factors. ConcepL<>and dynamics of community; Plant succession.Concepts of biosphere; Ecosystems; Conservation;Pollution and its control (including phytoremediation);Plant indicators; Environment (Proteclion)Acl.Forest types of India-‘Ecological and ecomomicimportance of forests, afforestation, deforestalionand social forestry; Endangered plants, endemismIUCN categories, Red Data Books; Biodiversity andits conservation; Protected Area Network;Convenlion of Biological Diversity, Farmers’ RighL<>;and Intellectual ProperLy Rights; Concept ofSustainable Development; Biogeochemical cycles.Global warming and climatic change; Invasivespecies; En vi ron metal Impact Assessment;Phytogeographical regions of India.BOTANY 8

Question 331

1. Non-chordata and Chordata:

Answer 331

1. Non-chordata and Chordata:(a) Classification and relationship of various phyla upto subclasses: Acoelomate and Coelomate. Protustomes and Deuterostmnes. Bilateria and Radiata;Status of Proti1.ta. Parazoa. On ychophora andHemichordata; Symmetry.(b) Protozoa: Locomotion. nutrition. reproduction. sex;General features and life hi1.tory of J>aramaecium,Monocystis. Plasmodium and Leishmania.(c) Porifera: Skeleton. canal system and reproduction.(d) Cnidaria: Polymorphism. defensive structures andtheir mechanism; coral reefs and their formation;metagenesis; general features and life history ofObelia and i\ ure lia.(e) Platyhelminthes: Parasitic adaptation; generalfeatures and life history of Fasciola and Taenia andtheir-Pathogenic symptoms.(f) Nemathelminthes: General features. life history.parasitic adaptation of Ascaris and Wuchereria.(g) Annelida: Coelom and metamerism; modes of life inpolychaetes; general features and life history ofNereis. earthworm and leach.(h) Arthropoda: Larval forms and parasiti sm inCrustacea; vision and respiration in arth ropods(Prawn. cockroach and scorpion); modification.of mouth. parts in inse ct~ (cockroach. mosquito.house fl y. honey bee and butterfly). metapmorphosis in insect and its hormonal regulation.sodalbehaviour ofApis and termites.(i) Molluscs: Feeding. respiration. locomotion. generalfeatures and life history of Lamellidens. Pila andSepia. Torsion and detorsion in gastropods.(j) Echinodermata: Feeding. respiration. locomotion.larval forms. general features and life history ofi\s!erias.(k) Protochordata: Origin of chordates; general featu res andlife history of Branchiostoma and Herdmania.(1) Pisces: Respiration. locomotion and migration.(m) Amphibia: Origin of tetrapods. parental care.paedomorphosis.(n) Reptil ia; Origin of reptiles. skull types. status of.\/Jhenodon and crocodiles.(o) Aves: Origin of birds. flight adaptation.migration.(p) Mammalia: Origin of mammals. dentition. generalfeatures of egg laying mammals. pouchedmammals.aquatic mammals and primates. endocrine glands(pituitary. thyroid. parathyroid. adrenal. pancreas.gonads) and their interrelationships.(q) Comparative functional anatomy of varioussystems of vertebrates. (in tegument and itsderi vatives. endoskeleton. locomotory organs.di gestive system .. respiratory system. d rculatorysyst em in cludi ng h eart and aortic arches.urinogenital system. brain and sense organs (eyeand ear).ZOOLOGY 1

Question 332

2.Ecology :

Answer 332

2.Ecology :(a) Biosphere: concept of biosphere; biomes. Biogeochemical cycles. Human induced changesin atmos phere including green hou se effect.ecological s uccession. biomes and ecotones.community ecology.(b) Concept of ecosystem; structure and function ofecosystem. types of ecosystem. ecologicalsuccession. ecological adaptation.(c) Population; characteristics. population dynamics.population stabilization.(d) Biodiversity and diversity conservation of naturalresources.(e) Wildlife of India.(f) Remote sensing for sustainable development.(g) Environmental biodegradation; pollution and itsimpact on biosphere and it~ prevention.ZOOLOGY 2

Question 333

3.Ethology:

Answer 333

3.Ethology:(a) Behaviour: Sensory filtering. responsiveness. signstimuli. learning. and memory. instinct. habituation.conditioning. imprinting.(b) Role of hormones in drive; role of pheromones inalarm spreading; crypsis. predator detection.predatortaL1ics. social hierarchies in primates. socialorganization in insects;(c) Orientation. navigation. homing; biological rhythms:biological dock. tidaL seasonal and circadian rhythms.(d) Methods of studying animal behaviour includingsexual conflict. selfishness. kinship and altruism.ZOOLOGY 3

Question 334

4. Economic Zoology :

Answer 334

4. Economic Zoology :(a) Apiculture. sericulture.lac culture. carp culture. pearlculture. prawn culture. vermiculture.(b) Major infectious and communicable diseases(malaria. filaria. tuberculosis. cholera and AIDS) theirvectors. pathogens and prevention.(c) Cattle and livestock diseases. their pathogen(helminths) and vectors (ticks. mites. Tabanus.Stomoxys).(d) Pest~ of sugar cane (Pyrilla perpusiella). oil seed(i\chaeajanata) and rice ( Sitophilus ory::.ae).(e) Transgenic animals.(f) Medical biotechnology. human genetic disease andgenetic counselling. gene therapy.(g) Forensic biotechnology.ZOOLOGY 4

Question 335

5. Biostatistics :

Answer 335

5. Biostatistics :Designing of experiments; null hypothesis; correlation.regression. distribution and measure of centraltendency. chi square. student-test. F-test (one-way& two-way F-test).ZOOLOGY 5

Question 336

6. lnstrwnentation methods:

Answer 336

6. lnstrwnentation methods:(a) Spectrophotometer. phase contrast and fluorescencemicroscopy. radioactive tracer. ultra centrifuge. gel .elettrophoresis. PCR. ELISA. FISH and chromosomepainting.(b) Electron microscopy (TEM. SEM).ZOOLOGY 6

Question 337

1. Cell Biology :

Answer 337

1. Cell Biology :(a) Structure and function of cell and its organelles(nucleus. plasma membrane. mitochondria. Golgibodies. endoplasmic reticulum. ribosomes andlysosomes). cell division (mitosis and meiosis).mitotic spindle and mitotic apparatus. chromosomemovement chromosome type ploytene and lam brush.organization of chromatin. heterochromatin. Cellcycle regulation.(b) Nucleic acid topology. DNA motif. DNA replication.transcription. RNA processing. translation. proteinfoldings and transport.ZOOLOGY 7

Question 338

2. Genetics :

Answer 338

2. Genetics :(a) Modern concept of gene, split gene, geneticregulation, genetic, code.(b) Sex chromosomes and their evolution, sexdetermination in Drosophila and man.(c) Mendel’s laws of inheritance, recombination,linkage, multiple alleles, genetics of blood groups,pedigree analysis, hereditary diseases in man.(d) Mutations and mutagenesis.(e) Recombinant DNA technology, plasmid. cosmid,artificial chromosomes as vedors, transgenics. DNAcloning and whole animal cloning (principles andmethods).(f) Gene regulation and expression in prokaryotes andeukaryotes.(g) Signal molecules, cell death. defects in signalingpathway and consequences.(h) RFLP, RAPD and AFLF and application of RFLP inDNA finger~printing, ribozyme technologies, humangenome pn~ject. genomics and protomics.ZOOLOGY 8

Question 339

3.Evolution:

Answer 339

3.Evolution:(a) Theories of origin oflife.(b) Theories of evolution; Natural selection. role ofmutation in evolution. evolutionary patterns.molecular drive. mimicry. variation. isolation andspeciation.(c) Evolution of horse. elephant and man using fossildata.(d) Hardy-Weinberg Law.(e) Continental drift and distribution of animals.ZOOLOGY 9

Question 340

4. Systematics:

Answer 340

4. Systematics:Zoological nomenclature. international code. cladi stics.molecular taxonomy and biodiversity.ZOOLOGY10

Question 341

5. Biochemistry :

Answer 341

5. Biochemistry :(a) Structure and role of carbohydrates. fats. fatty acids.cholesteroL proteins and amino-acids. nucleic acids.Bioenergetics.(b) Glycolysis and Krebs cycle. oxidation and reduction.oxidative phosphorylation; energy conservationand release. ATP. cycl cyclic AMP-its structureand role.(c) Hormone classification (steroid and peptide hormones).biosynthesis and functions.(d) Enzymes: types and mechanisms of action.(e) ‘vitamins and co-enzymes.(f) Immunoglobulin and immunity.ZOOLOGY 11

Question 342

6. Physiology (with special reference to mammals) :

Answer 342

6. Physiology (with special reference to mammals) :(a) Composition and constituents of blood; bloodgroups and Rh factor in man; fac1ors and mechanismof coagulation; iron metabolism, acid-base balance,thermo regulation, anticoagulants.(b) Haemoglobin: Composition, types and role in transportof oxygen and carbon dioxide.(c) Digestion and absorption: Role of salivary glands,liver, pancreas and intestinal glands.(d) Excretion: nephron and regulation of urine fmmation;osmo-regulation and excretmy pmduct.(e) Muscles: Types, mechanism of contraction of skeletalmuscles, effects of exercise on muscles.(f) Neuron : nerve impulse-its conduction and synaptictransmission; neurotransmitters.(g) \1sion, hearing and olfaction in man.(h) Physiology of reproduction puberty and menopausein human.ZOOLOGY12

Question 343

7. Developmental Biology :

Answer 343

7. Developmental Biology :(a) Gametogenesis; spermatogenesis. composition ofsemen. in vitro and in vivo capacitation of mammaliansperm. Oogenesis. totipotency; fertilization.morphogenesis and morphogen; blastogeneis.establishment of body axes formation. fate map.gestulation in frog and chick; genes in developmentin chick homeotic genes. development of eye andheart. placenta in mammals.(b) Cell lineage. cell to cell interaction. Genetic and inducedteratogenesis. role of thyroxine in control ofmetamorphosisin amphibia. paedogenesis and neoteny.cell death. aging.(c) Developmental genes in man. in vitro fertilization;and embryo transfer; cloning.(d) Stem cells: Sources. types and their use in humanwelfare.(e) Biogenetic law.ZOOLOGY13

Question 344

1. Human Anatomy:

Answer 344

1. Human Anatomy:Applied anatomy including blood and nenre supply ofupper and lower limbs and joints of shoulder, hip and knee.Gross anatomy, blood supply and lymphatic drainageof tongue, thyroid, mammary gland, stomach, liver, prostate,gonads and utems.Applied anatomy of diaphragm, perineum and inguinalregion.Clinical anatomy of kidney, urinary bladder, uterinetubes, vas deferens.Embryology : Placenta and placental barrier. Development of heart, gut, kidney. utems, ovary, testis and their common congenital abnormalities.Central and Peripheral Autonomic Nervous System :Gross and clinical anatomy of ventricles of brain, circulationof cerebrospinal fluid; Neural pathways and lesions ofcutaneous sensations, hearing and vision; Cranial nerves distribution and clinical significance; Components of autonomic nenrous system.MEDICAL SCIENCE 1

Question 345

2. Human Physiology :

Answer 345

2. Human Physiology :Conduction and transmission of impulse, mechanismof contraction, neuromuscular transmission, reflexes, controlof equi1ibrium, posture and muscle tone, descendingpathways, functions of cerebe11um, basal gang1ia, Physiologyof sleep and consciousness.Endocrine System : Mechanism of action of hormones; formation, secretion, transport, metabo1ism, functionand regulation of secretion of pancreas and pituitary gland.Physiology of Reproductive System : Pregnancymenstma1 cycle, lactation, pregnancy.Blood : Development, regulation and fate of bloodce11s.Cardio-vascular, cardiac output, blood pressure,regulation of cardiova,cu1ar functions.MEDICAL SCIENCE 2

Question 346

3. Biochemistry :

Answer 346

3. Biochemistry :Organ function tests-liver, kidney, thyroid Proteinsynthesis.Vitamins and minerals.Restriction fragment length.polymorphism (RFLP).Polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Radio-immunoassays (RlA).MEDICAL SCIENCE 3

Question 347

4. Pathology :

Answer 347

4. Pathology :lnflammation and repair, disturbances of growth andcancer, Pathogenesis and histopathology of rheumatic andischaemic heart disease and diabetes me11itus. Differentiationbetween benign, malignant, primary and metastaticmalignancies, Pathogenesis and histopathology ofbronchogenic carcinoma, carcinoma breast, ora] cancer,cancer cervix, leukemia, Etiology, pathogenesis andhistopathology of-cirrhosis liver, glomerulonephritis,tu bercu]osis, acute osteomyelitis.MEDICAL SCIENCE 4

Question 348

5. Microbiology :

Answer 348

5. Microbiology :Humoral and cel1 mediated immunity.Diseases caused by and laboratory diagnosis ofMeningococcus, Saimonel1a Shige11a, Herpes, Dengue, Polio* Hl Y /AlDS, Malaria, E. Histo1ytica, Giardia* Candida, Cryptococcus, Aspergi11us.6. Phannacology :MEDICAL SCIENCE 5

Question 349

6. Pharmacology :

Answer 349

6. Pharmacology :Mechanism of action and side effects of the fo1lowingdmgs:* Antipyretics and analgesics, Antibiotics,* Antimalaria, Antikala-azar, Antidiabetics,* Antihypertensive, Antidiuretics, General and cardiacvasodilators, Antiviral, Antiparasitic, Antifungal,Immunosuppressants,* Anticancer.MEDICAL SCIENCE 6

Question 350

7. Forensic Medicine and Toxicology

Answer 350

7. Forensic Medicine and ToxicologyForensic examination of injuries and wounds;Examination of blood and seminal stains; Poisoning, sedativeoverdose, hanging, drowning, burns, DNA and finger printstudy.MEDICAL SCIENCE 7

Question 351

1. G~n~ral Medicine

Answer 351

1. G~n~ral MedicineEtiology, clinical features, diagnosis and principles ofmanagement (including prevention) of-Typhoid, Rabies,AlDS, Dengue, Ka1a-azar, Japanese Encephalitis.Etiology, c1inical features, diagnosis and principles ofmanagement of:l~chaem ic heart disease, pulmonary embolism.Bronchial asthma.Pleural effusion, tuberculosis, Malabsorptionsyndromes; acid peptic diseases, Viral hepatitis and cirrhosisofliver.Glomemlonephritis and pyelonephritis, renal failure,nephrotic syndrome, renovascular hyperte nsion,compli cations of diabetes me11itus, coagulation disorders,leukaemia, Hypo and hyper thyrodism, meningitis andencephalitis.Imaging in medical problems, ultrasound, echocardiogram,CT scan, MR1.Anxiety and Depressive Psychosis and schizophreniaand ECT.MEDICAL SC IENCE 8

Question 352

2. Paediatrics,

Answer 352

2. Paediatricslmmunization, Baby friendly hospital, congenitalcyanotic heart disease, respiratory distress syndrome,broncho- pneumonias, kernictems. lMNCl cla,sificationand management, PEM grading and management. ARl andDiarrhea of under five and their management.MEDICAL SCIENCE 9

Question 353

3. Dermatology

Answer 353

3. DermatologyPsoriasis, A1lergic dermatitis, scabies, eczema, viti1igo,Stevan Johnson’s syndrome, Lichen Planus.MEDICAL SCIENCE 10

Question 354

4. General Surgery

Answer 354

4. General SurgeryC1inica1 features, causes, diagnosis and principlesof management of c1eft palate, hare1ip.Laryngeal tumour, ora] and esophageal tumours.Peripheral arterial diseases, varicose veins, coarctationof aorta.Tumours of Thyroid, Adrenal, Glands.Abscess cancer, fibroadenoma and adenosis of breast.Bleeding peptic ulcer, tuberculosis ofbowe1, ulcerativecolitis, cancer stomach.Renal ma-;s, cancer prostatie.Haemothorax, stones of Gall bladder, Kidney, Ureterand Urinary Bladder.Management of surgical conditions of Rectum, Anusand Anal canal, Gall bladder and Bile ducts.Splenomegaly, cholecystitis, portal hypertension, liverabscess, peritonitis, carcinoma head of pancreas.Fractures of spine, Co11es’ fracture and bone tumors.Endoscopy.Laprascopic Surgery.MEDICAL SCIENCE 11

Question 355

5. Obstetrics and Gynaecology including FamilyPlanning

Answer 355

5. Obstetrics and Gynaecology including FamilyPlanningDiagnosis of pregnancy.Labour management, complications of 3rd stage,Anteparn1m and postpartum hemorrhage, resuscitation of thenewborn, Management of abnormal life and difficult labour.Management of small for date or premature newborn.Diagnosis and management of anemia. Preeclampsiaand Toxaemias of pregnancy, Management of PostmenopausalSyndrome.lntra-uterine devices, pills, tubectomy and vasectomy.Medical termination of pregnancy including legal aspects.Cancer cervix.Leucorrhoea, pelvic pain; infertility, dysfunctionaluterine bleeding (DUB), amenorrhoea, Fibroid and prolapseof utems.MEDICAL SCIENCE 12

Question 356

6. Community Medicine (Preventive and Social Medicine)Principles, methods approach and measurements ofEpidemiology.

Answer 356

6. Community Medicine (Preventive and Social Medicine)Principles, methods approach and measurements ofEpidemiology.Nutrition, nutritional diseases/diorders and NutritionProgrammes.Health information Collection, Analys is andPresentation.Objectives, components and critical analysis ofNational programmes for control/eradication of:Malaria, Kala-azar, Filaria and Tuberculosis,Hl VI AlDS, STDs and Dengue.Critical appraisal of Health care delivery system.Health management and administration; Techniques,Tools, Programme Implementation and Evaluation.Objectives, Components, Goals and Status ofReproductive and Child Health, National Rural Health Missionand Millennium Development Goals.Management of hospital and indus trial waste.MEDICAL SCIENCE 13

Question 357

1. Mechanics of Particles

Answer 357

1. (a) Mechanics of Particles:Laws of motion; conservation of energy and momentum,applications to rotating frames, centripetal and Coriolisaccelerations; Motion under a central force; Conservation ofangular momentum, Kepler’s laws; Fields and potentials;Gravitational field and potential due to spherical bodies, Gaussand Poisson equations, gravitational self-energy; Two-bodyproblem; Reduced mass; Rutherford scattering; Centre of massand labmatmy reference frames.(b) Mechanics of Rigid Bodies:System of particles; Centre of mass, angular momentum,equations of motion; Conservation themems fm energy,momentum and angular momentum; Elastic and inelasticcollisions; Rigid Body; Degrees of freedom, Euler’s themem.angular velocity, angular momentum, moments of inertia,themems of parallel and perpendicular axes, equation of motionfor rotation; Molecular rotations (as rigid bodies); Di and triatomicmolecules; Precessional motion; top, gyroscope.(c) Mechanics of Continuous Media :Elasticity. Hooke’s law and elastic constant~ of isotropicsolids and their inter-relation; Streamline (Laminar) flow,viscosity, Poiseuille’s equation. Bernoulli’s equation. Stokes’law and applications.(d) Special Relativity:Michelson-Morely experiment and its implications;Lorentz transformations length contraction, time dilation,addition of relativistic velocities. aberration and Doppler effect.mass-energy relation, simple applications to a decay process.Four dimensional momentum vectm; Covariance of equationsof physics.PHYSICS 1

Question 358

2. Waves and Optics:

Answer 358

2. Waves and Optics:(a) Waves:Simple harmonic motion, damped oscillation, forcedoscillation and resonance; Beat~; Stationary waves in a string;Pulses and wave packets; Phase and group velocities;Reflection and refraction from Huygens’ principle.(b) Geometrial Optics :Laws of reflection and refraction from Fermat’s principle;Matrix method in paraxial optic-thin lens formula, nodal planes,system of two thin lenses, chromatic and spherical aberrations.(c) Interference :Interference of light -Young’s experiment, Newton’srings, interference by thin films, Michelson interferometer;Multiple beam interference and Fabry Perot interferometer.(d) Diffraction:Fraunhofer diffraction- single slit. double slit, diffrdctiongrating, resolving power; Diffraction by a circular aperture andthe Airy pattern; Fresnel diffraction: half-period zones andzone plates, circular aperture.(e) Polarisation and Modern Optics :Production and detection of linearly and circularlypolarized light; Double refraction, quarter wave plate; Opticalactivity; Principles of fibre optics, attenuation; Pulsedispersion in step index and parabolic index fibres; Materialdispersion, single mode fibers; Lasers-Einstein A and Bcoefficients. Ruby and He-Ne lasers. Characteristics of laserlight-spatial and temporal coherence; Focusing of laser beams.Three-level scheme for laser operation; Hologrdphy and simpleapplications.PHYSICS 2

Question 359

3. Electricity and Magnetism:

Answer 359

3. Electricity and Magnetism:(a) Electrostatics and Magnetostatics:Laplace and Poisson equations in electrostatics andtheir applications; Energy of a system of charges, multi poleexpansion of scalar potential; Method of images and itsapplications. Potential and field due to a dipole, force andtorque on a dipole in an external field; Dielectrics, polarisation.Solutions to boundary-value problems-conducting anddielectric spheres in a uniform electric field; Magnetic shelLuniformly magnetised sphere; Ferromagnetic materials,hysteresis, energy loss.(b) Current Electricity :Kirchhoffs laws and their applications. Biot-Savart law,Ampere’s law, Faraday’s law, Lenz’ law. Self-and mutualinductances;Mean and rms values in AC circuits; DC and ACcircuits with R, L and C components; Series and parallelresonance; Quality factor; Principle oftransformer.PHYSICS 3

Question 360

4. Electromagnetic Waves and Blackbody Radiation:

Answer 360

4. Electromagnetic Waves and Blackbody Radiation:Displacement current and Maxwell’s equations; Waveequations in vacuum, Poynting themem; Vector and scalarpotentials; Electromagnetic field tensor, covariance ofMaxwell’s equations; Wave equations in isotropic dielectrics,reflection and refraction at the boundary of two dieleLtrics;Fresnel’s relations; Total internal reflection; Normal andanomalous dispersion; Rayleigh scattering; Blackbodyradiation and Planck’s radiation law~ Stefan~Boltzmann law,Wien’s displacement law and Rayleigh~Jeans law.PHYSICS 4

Question 361

5. Thermal and Statistical Physics:

Answer 361

5. Thermal and Statistical Physics:(a) Thermodynamics:Laws of thermodynamics, reversible and irreversibleprocesses, entropy; IsothermaL adiabatic, isobaric, isochoricprocesses and entropy changes; Otto and Diesel engines,Gibbs’ phase rule and chemical potential; Van der Waalsequation of state of a real gas. critical constants; MaxwellBoltzmanndistribution of molecular velocities. transportphenomena. equipartition and virial theorems; Dulong-Petit.Einstein. and De bye’s themies of specific heat of solids;Maxwell relations and application; Clausius-Clapeyronequation. Adiabatic demagn etisation, Joule-Kelvin effect andliquefaction of gases.(b) Statistical Physics :Macm and micm states. statistical distributions.Maxwell-Boltzmann. Bose-Einstein and Fermi-DiracDistributions, applications to specific heat of gases andblackbody radiation; Concept of negative temperatures.PHYSICS 5

Question 362

1. Quantum Mechanics :

Answer 362

1. Quantum Mechanics :Wave-particle duality; Schroedinger equation andexpec-tation values; Uncertainty principle; Solutions of theone-dimensional Schroedinger equation fm free particle(Gaussian wave-packet), particle in a box, particle in a finitewelL linear harmonic oscillator; Reflection and transmissionby a step potential and by a rectangular barrier; Particle in athree dimensional box, density of states, free electron theoryof metals; Angular momentum; Hydrogen atom; Spin halfparticles, properties of Pauli spin matrices.PHYSICS 6

Question 363

2. Atomic and Molecular Physics:

Answer 363

2. Atomic and Molecular Physics:Stern-Gerlach experiment, electron spin, fine structureofhydrozen atom; L-S coupling, J-J coupling; Spectroscopicnotation of atomic states; Zeeman effect; Franck-Condonprinciple and applications; Elementary theory of rotational,v ibrdti onal and eleLtmnic spectra of diatomic molecules; Ramaneffect and molecular structure; Laser Raman spectroscopy;Importance of neutral hydrogen atom, molecular hydrogenand molecular hydrogen ion in astronomy. Fluorescence andPhosphorescence; Elementary theory and applications ofNMR and EPR; Elementary ideas about Lamb shift and itssignificance.PHYSICS 7

Question 364

3. Nuclear and Particle Physics:

Answer 364

3. Nuclear and Particle Physics:Basic nuclear properties-size. binding energy. angularmomentum. parity. magnetic moment; Semi-empirical massformula and applications. Mass parabolas; Ground state of adeuteron. magnetic moment and non-central forces; Mesontheory of nuclear forces; Salient features of nuclear forces;Shell model ofthe nucleus- success and limitations; Violationof parity in beta decay; Gamma decay and internal conversion;Elementary ideas about Mossbauer spectroscopy; Q-valueof nuclear reactions; Nuclear fission and fusion. energyproduction in stars. Nuclear reactors.Classification of elementary particles and theirinteractions; Conservation laws; Quark structure ofhadrons:Field quanta of electroweak and strong interactions;Elementary ideas about unification of forces; Physics ofneutrinos.PHYSICS 8

Question 365

4. Solid State Physics, Devices and Electronics :

Answer 365

4. Solid State Physics, Devices and Electronics :Crystalline and amorphous structure of matter; Differentcrystal systems, space groups; Methods of determination ofcrystal structure; X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmissionelectron microscopies; Band theory of solids-conductors,insulators and semi-conductors; Thermal properties of solids,specific heat, Debye theory; Magnetism: dia, para andferromagnetism; Elements of super-conductivity. Meissnereffect, Josephsonjunc1ions and applications; Elementary ideasabout high temperature super-conductivity.Intrinsic and extrinsic semi-conductors- p-n-p and n-p-ntransistors; Amplifiers and oscillators. Op-amps; FET. JFETand MOSFET; Digital electronics-Boolean identities, DeMorgan’s laws. Logic gates and truth tables. Simple logiccircuits; Thermistors. solar cells; Fundamentals ofmicroprocessors and digital computers.PHYSICS 9

Question 366

1. Engineering Mechanics, Strength ofMatetaialsand Structural Analysis.

Answer 366

1.1 Engineering Mechanics :UniL<> and Dimensions, SI UniL<>, Vectors, Conceptof Force, Concept of particle and rigid body.Concurrent, Non- Concurrent and parallel forcesin a plane, moment of force free body diagram,conditions of equilibtium, Ptinciple of virtual work,equi valent force system.First and Second Moment of area, Mass momentof Inertia.Static Friction.Kinematics and Kinetics:Kinematics in cartesian Co-ordinates, motionunder uniform and non-uniform acceleration,motion under gravity. Kinetics of partic le :Momentum and Energy principles, collision ofelastic bodies, rotation of rigid bodies.1.2 Strength of Materials:Simple Stress and Strain, Elastic constanL<>, axiallyloaded compression members, Shear force andbending moment, theory of simple bending, ShearStress disuaibution across cross sections, Beamsof uniform suaength.Deflection ofbeams: Mecaulay’s method, Mohr’sMoment area method, Conjugate beam method,unit load method. Torsion of Shafts, Elasticstability of columns, Euler’s, Rankine’s andSecamfmmulae.1.3 Structural Analysis :Castiglianio ‘s theorems I and 11, unit load method,of consistent deformation applied to beams andpin jointed trusses. Slope-deOeclion, momentdistributi on.Rolling loadc; and Influences lines : Influenceslines for Shear Force and Bending moment at asection of a beam. Criteria for maximum shear forceand bending Moment in beams traversed by asystem of moving loads. Influences lines forsimply supported plane pin jointed trusses.Arches : Three hinged, two hinged and fixedarches, rib shortening and temperature effecLc;.Mauaix mehods of analysis : Force method anddi splacement method of analysis of indeterminatebeams and rigid frames.Plastic Analysis of beams and frames : Theory ofplastic bending, plastic analysis, statical method,Mechani sm method.Unsymmetrical bending : Moment of inertia,product of inertia, position of Neutral Axis andPrincipal axes, calc ulation of bending stresses.CIVIL ENGINEERING 1

Question 367

2. Design of Structures :

Answer 367

2. Design of Structures : Steel, Concrete andMasonry Structures.2.1 Structural Steel Design :Structural steel : Factors of s afeLy and loadfactors. Riveted, boiLed and welded j oints andconnecti ons. Design of tension and compressionmembers, beams of builL up section, riveted andwelded plate girders, gantry girders, sLancheonswith battens and lacings.2.2 Design of Concrete and Masonry Structures :Concept of mix design. Reinforced Concrete :Working Suaess and Limit StaLe method of designRecommendationsof l. S. codes. Design of oneway and two way slabs, stair-case slabs, simpleand continuous beams of rectangular, T and Lsections. Compression members under direct loadwith or without eccentricity.Cantilever and Counter forl Lype retaining walls.Water tanks :Design requiremenL<> for Rectangularand circular tanks resting on ground.Prestressed Concrete : Method<> and systems ofprestressing, anchorages, Analysis and designof sections for flexure based on working suaess,loss of prestress.Design of brick masonry as per I. S. CodesCIVIL ENGINEERING 2

Question 368

3. Fluid Mechanics, Open Channel Flow andHyd1aaulicMachines:

Answer 368

3. Fluid Mechanics, Open Channel Flow andHyd1aaulicMachines:3.1 Fluid Mechanics :Fluid properties and their role in fluid moLion, fluidsLaLics including forces acLing on plane and curvesurfaces.KinemaLics and Dynamics ofFiuidOow: VelociLyand acceleraLions, sLream lines, equaLion ofcontinuiLy, irroLational and roLaLional Dow, velociLypoLenLial and sLream funcLions.ConLinuiLy, momenLum, energy equation, NavierSLOkes equaLion, Euler’s equaLion of moLion,application LO fluid flow problems, pipe flow, sluicegaLes, weirs.3.2 Dimensional Analysis and Similitude:Buckingham’s Pi-Lheorem, dimens ionl essparameLers.3.3 Laminar Flow:Laminar flow beLween parallel , sLaLionary andmoving pi aLes, flow through Lube.3.4 Boundary layer:Laminar and LurbulenL boundary layer on a OaLplaLe, laminar sub-layer, smooLh and roughboundaries, drag and lifL.TurbulenL flow Lhrough pipes: CharacLerisLics ofLurbulenL fl ow, velociLy disLribution and variaLionof pipe fricLion facLor, hydraulic grade line andLOLa] energy line.3.5 Open Channel Flow:Uniform and non-uniform flows, momenLum andenergy correcLion facLors, specific energy andspecific force, critical depLh, rapidly varied flow,hydraulic j ump, gradually varied flow,classificaLion of surface profiles, contml secLion,sLep method of inLegration of varied Dow equation.3.6 Hydraulic Machines and Hydropower:Hydraulic Lurbines, Lypes classificaLion, Choiceof Lurbines performance parameLers, conLrols,characLeris tics, specific speed.Principles of hydropower developmenl.CIVIL ENGINEERING 3

Question 369

4. Geotechnical Engineering:

Answer 369

Soil Type and Structure-gradation and particlesize distribution-consistency limits.Water in soil-capillary and structural-effective stress and pore water pressure-permeability concepL-filed and laboratory determination ofpermeability-Seepage pressure-quick sandconditions-Shear strength determinationMohrCoulomb concept.Compaction of soil-Laboratory and filed Lest.Compressibility and consolidation conceptconsolidationtheory-consolidation seulementanalysis.Earth pressure theory and analysis for retainingwalls, Application for sheet piles and Bracedexcavation.Bearing capacity of soil-approaches for analysisFiledtests-seulemenl analysis- stability ofslope of earth walk.Subsuface exploration of soils-methodsFoundation-Type and selection criteria forfoundation of structures-Design criteria forfoundation-Analysis of distribution of stressfor footings and pile-pile group action-pileload Lest.Ground improvement techniques.CIVIL ENGINEERING 4

Question 370

1. Construction Technology, Equipment, Planningand Management

Answer 370

1. Construction Technology, Equipment, Planningand Management1.1 Construction TechnologyEngineering Materials :Physical properties of construction materials withrespect Lo their use in construction-Stones,Bricks and Tiles; Lime, Cement, different types ofMortars and Concrete.Specific use of ferro cement, fibre reinforced C.C., High stenglh concrete.Timber; Properties defects-commonpreservation treatments.Use and selection of materials for specific use likeLow Cost Housing, Mass Housing, High RiseBuildings.1.2 Construction:Masonry principles using Brick, stone, Blocksconstructiondetailing and strengthcharacteristics.Types of plastering, pointing, flooring, roofingand construction features.Common repairs in buildings.Principle of functional planning of building forresidents and specific use-Building codeprovisions.Basic principles of detailed and approximateestimating-specification writing and rateanalysis-principles of valuation of real properly.Machinery for earthwork, concreting and theirspecific uses-Factors affecting selection ofequipments-operating cost of equipmenL<>.1.3 CONSTRUCTION PLANNING ANDMANAGEMENT:Construction acti vi Ly-schedules—organizaLionfor construction industry-Quality assurancepdnciples.Use Basic principle of network-analysis in fmmof CPM and PERT -their use in constructionmonitoring, Cost optimization and resourceallocation.Basic principles of Economic analysis andmethods.Project profitability-Basic principles of Bootapproach to financial planning-simple toll fixationcriterions.CIVIL ENGINEERING 5

Question 371

2. Surveying and Transportation Engineuing

Answer 371

2.1 Surveying : Common method<> and instrumenL—classificationand geomeuaical design elements and standardsfor Roads.Pavement structure for fle xible and rigidpa vemenL<>- Design principles and methodologyof pavemenL

Question 372

3. Hydrology, Water Resources and Engineering :

Answer 372

3.1 Hydrology:Hydrological cycle, precipitation, evaporation,transpiration, infilLraLion, overland flow,hydrograph, flood frequency analyses, floodrouting through a reservoir, channel flowrouling-Muskingam method.3.2 Ground Waterflow:Specific yield, storage coefficient, coefficient ofpermeability, confined and unconfined aquifers,aquifers, aquitards, radial Dow into a well underconfined and unconfined conditions.3.3 Water Resources Engineering :Ground and surface water resources, single andmultipurpose projects, storage capacity ofreservoirs, reservoir losses, reservoirsedimentation.3.4 Irrigation Engineering :(i) Water requirements of crops : consumptive use,duly and della, irrigation methods and theirefficiencies.(ii) Canals: Distribution systems for canna! inigaLion,canal capacity, canal losses, alignment of mainand distributory canals, most efficient section,lined canals, their design, regime theory, criticalshear stress, bed load.(iii) Water logging : causes and control, salinity.(iv) Canal structures : Design of head regulators,canal falls, aqueducts, metering flumes and canaloutlets.(v) Diversion head work: Principles and design ofweirs on permeable and impermeable foundation,Khosla’s theory, energy dissipation.(vi) Storage works: Types of dams, design, principlesof rigid gravity stability analysis.(vii) Spillways: Spillway types, energy dissipation.(viii) River training : Objectives of river training,methods of river training.CIVIL ENGINEERING 7

Question 373

4. EnvironrnentalEngineering

Answer 373

4. EnvironrnentalEngineering4.1 Water Supply:Predicting demand for water, impurities of waterand their significance, physical, chemical andbacteriological analysis, waterborne diseases,standards for potable water.4.2 Intake ofWater:Water treatment: principles of coagulation,flocculation and sedimentation; slow-, rapid-,pressure-, filters; chlorination, softening, removalof taste, odour and salinity.4.3 Sewerage Systems :Domestic and industrial wastes, store sewageseparateand combined systems, Dow throughsewers, design of sewers.4.4 Sewage Characterisation:BOD, COD, solids, dissolved oxygen, nitrogenand TOC. Standard, mines, river valley project.

Question 374

1. Circuits-Theory :

Answer 374

1. Circuits-Theory :Circuit components; network graphs; KCL, KVL; Circuitanalysis methods : nodal analysis, mesh analysis; basicnetwork theorems and applications; transient analysis : RL,RC and RLC circuits; sinusoidal steady state analysis; resonantcircuits; coupled circuits; balanced 3-phase circuits. Two-portnetworks.ECE 1

Question 375

2. Signals and Systems :

Answer 375

2. Signals and Systems :Representation of continuous-time and discrete-timesignals and systems; LTI systems; convolution; impulseresponse; time-domain analysis of LTI systems based onconvolution and differential/difference equations. Fouriertransform , Laplace transform, Z-transform, Transfer function.Sampling and recovery of signals DFT, FFT Processing ofanalog signals through discrete-time systems.ECE 2

Question 376

3. E.M. Theory:

Answer 376

3. E.M. Theory:Maxwe1l’s equations, wave propagation in boundedmedia. Boundary conditions, ret1ection and refraction of planewaves. Transmission lines : travelling and standing waves,impedance matching, Smith chart.ECE3

Question 377

4.AnalogElectronics:

Answer 377

4.AnalogElectronics:Characteristics and equivalent circuit~ (large and smallsignal) of Diode, BJT, JFET and MOSFET. Diode circuits:Clipping, clamping, recti tier. Biasing and bias stability. FETamplitiers. Current mirror; Amplitiers: single and multi-stage,differential, operational feedback and power. Analysis ofamplitiers; frequency-responseof amplitiers. OPAMP circuits.Filters; sinusoidal oscillators: criterion for oscillation; singletransistorand OPAMP contigurations. Function generatorsand wave-shaping circuits. Linear and switching powersupplies.ECE4

Question 378

5. Digital Electronics :

Answer 378

5. Digital Electronics :Boolean algebra; minimisation of Boolean functions;logic gates; digitallC families (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS).Combinational circuits: arithmetic circuit

Question 379

6. Energy Conversion :

Answer 379

6. Energy Conversion :Principles of electromechanical energy conversion :Torque and emf in rotating machines. DC machines :characteristics and performance analysis; starting and speedcontrol of motors. Transformers : principles of operation andanalysis; regulation, efficiency; 3-phase transformers.3-phase induction machines and synchronous machinescharacteristics and performance analysis; speed control.ECE6

Question 380

7. Power Electronics and Electric Drives :

Answer 380

7. Power Electronics and Electric Drives :Semi-conductor power devices : diode, transistor,thyristor, triac, GTO and MOSFET-static characteristics andprinciples of operation; triggering circuits; phase controlrectitlers; bridge converters : fully-controlled and halfcontrolled;principles of thyristor choppers and inverters; DCDCconverters; Switch mode inverter; basic concept

Question 381

8. Analog Conmmnication :

Answer 381

8. Analog Conmmnication :Random variables : continuous, discrete; probability,probability functions. Statistical averages; probability models;Random signals and noise : white noise, noise equivalentbandwidth; signal transmission with noise; signal to noiseratio. Linear CW modulation : Amplitude modulation : DSB,DSB-SC and SSB . Modulators and Demodulators; Phase andFrequency modulation : PM & FM signals; narrows bandFM; generation & detection of FM and PM, Deemphasis,Preemphasis. CW modulation system : Superhetrodynereceivers, AM receivers, communication receivers, FMreceivers, phase locked loop, SSB receiver Signal to noiseratio calculation or AM and FM receivers.ECE8

Question 382

1. Control Systems :

Answer 382

Elements of control systems; block-diagramrepresentations; open-loop & closed-loop systems; principlesand applications of feed-back. Control system component

Question 383

2.lVIicroprocessors and lVIicrocomputers :

Answer 383

PC organisation; CPU, instruction set, register settimingdiagram, programming, interrupts, memory interfacing, J/0interfacing, programmable peripheral devices.ECE10

Question 384

3. Measurement and Instrumentation:

Answer 384

Error analysis; measurement of current voltage, power,energy, power-factor, resistance, inductance, capacitance andfrequency; bridge measurements. Signal conditioning circuit;Electronic measuring instruments : multimeter, CRO, digitalvoltmeter, frequency counter, Q-meter, spectrum-analyser,distoration-meter. Transducers : thermocouple, thermistor,LVDT, strain-guage, piezo-electric crystal.ECE 11

Question 385

4. Power Sysrems: Analysis and Control:

Answer 385

Steady-state performance of overhead transmissionlines and cables; principles of active and reactive powertransfer and distribution; per-unit quantities; bus admittanceand impedance matrices; load t1ow; voltage control and powerfactor correction; economic operation; symmetricalcomponents, analysis of symmetrical and unsymmetricalfaults. Concepts of system stability: swing curves and equalarea criterion. Static VAR system. Basic concepts of HVDCtransmission.ECE12

Question 386

5. Power System Protection :

Answer 386

Principles of overcurrent, differential and di stanceprotection. Concept of solid state relays. Circuit brakers.Computer aided protection : introduction; line, bus, generator,transformer protection; numeric relays and application of DSPto protection.ECE13

Question 387

6. Digital Communication:

Answer 387

Pulse code modulation (PCM), defferential pulse codemodulation (DPCM), delta modulation (DM), Digitalmodulation and demodulation schemes : amplitude, phase andfrequency keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK). Error controlcoding : error detection and correction, linear block codes,convolation codes. lnforrnation measure and source coding.Data networks, ?-layer architecture.ECE14

Question 388

1. Mechanics :

Answer 388

1.1 Mechanics of Rigid Bodies :Equations of equi1ibrium in space and its app1ication;first and second moments of area; simple problems on friction;kinematics of partic1es for plane motion; elementary partic1edynamics.1.2 Mechanics of Deformable Bodies :Genera1ized Hooke’s Jaw and its app1ication; designproblems on axial stress, shear stress and bearing stress;material properties for dynamic loading; bending shear andstresses in beams; determination of principle stresses andstrains-analytical and graphical; compound and combinedstresses; bi-axial stresses-thin wa11ed pressure vessel;materia] behaviour and design factors for dynamic ]oad;design of circular shafts for bending and torsiona11oad only;deflection of beam for statica11y determinate problems; theoriesof failure.MECH. ENGG 1

Question 389

2. Engineering Materials :

Answer 389

Basic concepts on structure of solids, common ferrousand non-ferrous materials and their applications; heattreatmentof steels; non-metalsplastics, cermics, compositematerials and nano-materials.MECH ENGG 2

Question 390

3. Theory of Machines :

Answer 390

Kinematic and dynamic analysis of plane mechanisms.Cams, Gears and empicyclie gear trains, flywheels, governors,balancing of rigid rotors, balancing of single and multicylinderengines, linear vibration analysis ofmechanical systems(single degree of freedom), Critical speeds and whirling ofshafts.MECH ENGG 3

Question 391

4. Manufacturing Science :

Answer 391

4.1 Manufacturing Process:Machine tool engineering - Merhant’s force analysis:Taylor’s tool life equation; conventional machining; NC andCNCmachining process; jigs and fixtures.Non-conventional machining-EDM, ECM, ultrasonic,water jet machining etc.; application of la~ers and pl asmas;energy rate calculations.Forming and welding processes-standard processes.Metrology-concept of fits and tolerances; tools andguages; comparators; inspection of length ; position; profileand surface finish.4.2 Manufacturing Management:System design: factory location-simple OR models;p]ant layout-methods based; applications of engineering economic analysis and break-even analysis for product selection,process selection and capacity planning;predetermined timestandards.System planning; foreca~ting methods based onregression and decomposition, design and blancing of multimodel and stochastic a~sembly lines; inventory managementprobablisticinventory models for order time and orderquanitity determination; HT systems; strategic sourcing;managing inter plant logistics.System operations and control: Scheduling algorithmsfor job shops; applications of statistical methods for productand process quality control applications of control charts formean, range, percent defective, number of defectives anddefects per unit; quali ty cost systems; management ofresources, organizations and risks in projects.System improvement: Implementation of systems,such a~ total quality management, developing and managingflexible, lean and agile Organizations.MECH ENGG 4

Question 392

1. Thennodynamics, Gas Dynamics Turbine:

Answer 392

11 Basic concept of First-law and Second law ofThermodynamics; concept of entropy and reversibility; availability and unavailability and irreversibility.12 Classification and properties of fluids;incompressible and compressible fluids flows; effect of Machnumber and compressibility; continuity momentum andenergy equations; normal and oblique shocks; onedimensional isentropic flow; flow or fluids in duct withfrictions that transfer.13 Flow through fans, blowers and compressors; axialand centrifugal flow configuration; design of fans andcompressors; single problems compresses and turbinecascade; open and closed cycle gas turbines; work done inthe gas turbine; reheat and regenerators.MECH. ENGG 5

Question 393

2. Heat Transfer :

Answer 393

21 Conduction heat transfer-general conductionequation-aplace, oisson and Fourier equations; Fourierlaw of conduction; one dimensional steady state heatconduction applied to simple wall, solid and hollow cylinderand spheres.22 Convection heat transfer-Newton’s law of convection; free and forces convection; heat transfer duringlaminar and turbulent flow of an incompressible fluid over aflat plate; concepts of Nusselt number, hydrodynamic andthermal boundary layer their thickness; Prandtl number;analogy between heat and momentum transfer-Reynolds,Colburn, Prandtl analogies; heat transfer during laminar andturbulent flow through horizontal tubes; free convection fromhorizontal and vertical plates.23 Black body radiation-basic radiation laws such a’Stefan-boltzman, Hhck distribution, Wu!i displacementetc.24 Basic heat exchanger analysis; cla,sification ofheat exchangers.MECH. ENGG 6

Question 394

3. Engines:

Answer 394

31 Cbssification, themodynamic cycles of operation;determination of break power, indicated power, mechanicalefficiency, heat balance sheet, interpretation of performancecharacteristics, petrol, gas and diesel engines.32Combustion in Sl and Cl engines, normal and abnormal combustion; effect of working parameters on knocking, reduction of knocking; Forms of combustionchamber for Sl and Cl engines; rating of fuels; additives;emissiOn.33Different systems of lC engines-fuels; lubricating;cooling and transmission systems. Alternate fuels in lCengines.MECH. ENGG 7

Question 395

5. Refrigeration and Air-conditioning :

Answer 395

5.1 Vapour compression refrigeration cycle-cycle onp-H & T-s diagrams; ecofriend1y refrigerants-R 134a. 123;Systems like evaporators, condensers, compressor, expansiondevices. Simple vapour absorption systems.5.2 Psychrometry-properties; processes; charts; sensib1e heating and coo1ing; humidification and dehumidification effective temperature; air-conditioning ]oad ca1cu1ation; simp1e duct design.MECH. ENGG 9