CS30A1372 - Creative Design and Problem Solving [FULL 17]

Question 1

what is the 𝐝𝐞𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐭𝐲?

Answer 1

-many definitions, depending on the field & context in which it is used
-creativity is indefinable & immeasurable
-defined in terms of the results of the activity (New, Unexpected, Useful) [NUU]

Question 2

what are the 𝐭𝐲𝐩𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐭𝐲?

Answer 2

-𝐂𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐨𝐧= atmosphere & influence
-𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐬= mechanisms and phases involved in a creative act
-𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐬= features & characteristics

[3P’s]

Question 3

what are the 6 elements of the 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐥𝐞𝐦 𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐬?

Answer 3

𝟏.𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐥𝐞𝐦= define the objective
𝟐.𝐞𝐧𝐯𝐢𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐬= gather & represent information
𝟑.𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐥𝐞𝐦 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠= define the problem correctly
𝟒.𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐚𝐬 𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧= generate potential solutions to the problem
𝟓.𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠= evaluate and choose between potential solution
𝟔.𝐚𝐜𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠= implement chosen ideas correctly

Question 4

What is 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐂𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐑𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 & what are the 5 elements?

Answer 4

Structured Critical Reasoning is a Critical Thinking method to form a judgment about claims (right or wrong; true or false)

𝟏. identify all of the author’s 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬
𝟐. look for 𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 supporting each conclusion
𝟑. list all major 𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐮𝐦𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬
𝟒. evaluate all the 𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐮𝐦𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 and 𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞
𝟓. identify 𝐟𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐢𝐜

in the class we we made a tree like diagram [CAFEE]

Question 5

What is the 𝐃𝐒𝐌? and give an example of an application

Answer 5

• The Design Structure Matric (DSM) is a tool used to represent a system’s structure
• The DSM is a N * N matrix, mapping the interactions among the system elements
• the DSM can represent various systems; product, organization, process [POP]

-example; V8 engine team meetings

Question 6

what are the 6 types of 𝐬𝐨𝐜𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬?

Answer 6

• Questions about the question/𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐥𝐞𝐦 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭
• Questions for 𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
• Questions about 𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐬
• Questions that 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐞 𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐮𝐦𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬
• Questions that 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞
• Questions that 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐛𝐞 𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐬

[PCV-ARI + PEC]

Question 7

What is a 𝐝𝐮𝐧𝐤𝐞𝐫 𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦? Give an example of an application

Answer 7

-the dunker diagram analyzes 2 pathways:
𝟏.possible paths to the desired state
𝟐.possible paths to make the present state okay

-three elements;
𝟏. General solution
𝟐. What to do
𝟑. How to do it

example; prevent children from getting to chemicals & make it okay for children to get to chemicals

Question 8

What is a 𝐰𝐡𝐲-𝐰𝐡𝐲 𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦? Give an example of an application

Answer 8

A why-why diagram puts a problem statement at the head and tries to find the root causes of the problem by asking why multiple times

example ps; coffee not tasting good

Question 9

what are the basics of 𝐊𝐞𝐩𝐧𝐞𝐫-𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐠𝐨𝐫𝐞 problem analysis?

Answer 9

-you ask 4 main questions [WWWE]:
𝟏. What is? what is not?
𝟐. Where is, where is not?
𝟑. When is, when is not
𝟒. Extent is, extent is not?

then make a table with distinction & cause and fill in to find problem causes

Question 10

give an example application of the 𝐜𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐞-𝐞𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦 (𝐟𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐞)

Answer 10

Common cause & effect categories [6M’s]:
𝟏. Man
𝟐. Machine
𝟑. Method
𝟒. Measurement
𝟓. Materials
𝟔. Mother nature / environment

put the problem statement at the head of the fish. –> “poor quality of product”

Question 11

What are the basics of 𝐛𝐫𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐠? Describe two different methods of brainstorming.

Answer 11

Basic rules of brainstorming:
𝟏. 𝐧𝐨 𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐬𝐦 of any idea is allowed
𝟐. 𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐚𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐰𝐞𝐥𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐞, even the absurd
𝟑. 𝐐𝐮𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐭𝐲 is sought, quality can be determined later
𝟒. People are encouraged to 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐛𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐚𝐬 and to use the ideas of others

two methods:
𝟏. classical brainstorming
𝟐.trigger method

Question 12

Propose eight examples of applying 𝐛𝐢𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐬 in the real products and processes

Answer 12

1. bullet trains - bird (kingfisher)
2. swimsuits - sharkskin
3. needles - mosquitos
4. wind turbines - whales
5. velcro - plants
6. camouflage - Octopuses
7. air conditioning - termite mounds
8. shock absorbers - woodpeckers
   9.sticky pads - Gekko
9. aerodynamics - eagles

Question 13

What are the basics of 𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐜𝐤𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐭 method ?

Answer 13

-ideation technique that combines & alters existing elements of a system to synthesize new ideas. there’s 7 categories [SCAMPER]

𝟏. 𝐒𝐮𝐛𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐭𝐮𝐭𝐞- components, materials, people
𝟐. 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐛𝐢𝐧𝐞 - mix, combine with other assemblies or services
𝟑. 𝐀𝐝𝐚𝐩𝐭 - alter, change function, use part of another element
𝟒. 𝐌𝐨𝐝𝐢𝐟𝐲 - increase or reduce in scale, change shape, modify attributes
𝟓. 𝐏𝐮𝐭 𝐭𝐨 𝐚𝐧𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐮𝐬𝐞
𝟔. 𝐄𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐞 - remove elements, make as simple as possible
𝟕. 𝐑𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐞 - turn inside out or upside down,

Question 14

Give an example of application of 𝐓𝐈𝐋𝐌𝐀𝐆 method

Answer 14

In the TILMAG method you combine various ideal solution elements in a matrix to come up with solutions

example; mobile PC to be used in police car

Question 15

What is it 𝐒𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐀𝐭𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐮𝐭𝐞 𝐌𝐨𝐝𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐌𝐚𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐱. Give an example of application.

Answer 15

-technique to improve a product, process or service using a sequential list of attributes

1. Substitute
2. Rearrange
3. Combine
4. Increase
5. Decrease
6. Improve
7. Eliminate

[SCIDIER]

Question 16

What are the basics of 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐩𝐡𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐬? Give an example of application.

Answer 16

-List the essential features of the product
-List possible values of each feature
-Build the matrix

example; Colour, shape, size

Question 17

What are the principles of 𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐞-𝐛𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠? What are the steps in this method ?

Answer 17

-A methodology of solving new problems by
adapting the solutions of previous similar problems [iRAL]

𝟏. 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 - a new problem to be solved is positioned in the problem space
𝟐. 𝐑𝐞𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐚𝐥 - actual problem is matched against old problems by
computing similarity function, and the most similar problem and its stored solution are found
𝟑. 𝐀𝐝𝐚𝐩𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 - if needed, a new solution is created by adjusting of
proposed solution
𝟒. 𝐋𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 - a received solution and a new problem are
incorporated into the case base

Question 18

What is the basics of 𝐓𝐑𝐈𝐙. What is it a 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐱?

Answer 18

Basics;
Specific problem–>generic problem–>generic solution–>specific solution

A contradiction matrix is a matrix such that:
- Rows of the matrix indicate the 39 system features that one typically wants to improve.
- Columns refer to typical undesired results
- Each matrix cell points to principles that have been most frequently used in patents in order to resolve the contradiction