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CS251 > CS231 MIDTERM > Flashcards

CS231 MIDTERM Flashcards

1
Q

What does it mean to look?

A
  • To look is to use your visual apparatus, which includes your eyes and hands and also technologies like your glasses, camera, phone, etc
  • To look might to be to glance, to peer, to stare, to look up, or to look away
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2
Q

Looking can be ____ and ______

A

Constricted and controlled, it can be used to manipulate ideas and beliefs, but it can also be used to affirm one’s own subjectivity

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3
Q

Photographs may be personal but they are also always ______

A

potentially public

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4
Q

What is one of the aims of cultural studies?

A

to provide viewers, citizens, and consumers with the tools to gain a better understanding of how we are produced as social subjects through the cultural practices that make up our lives

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5
Q

Visual Culture is…

A

maded between individuals and the artifacts, images, technologies and texts created by themselves and others

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6
Q

We engage in practices of looking to…

A

communicate, influence, maneuver through the world and make sense of our lives

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7
Q

Representation refers to…

A

the use of language, marks, and images to create meaning about the world around us

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8
Q

Vision refers to…

A

the physical capacity to see

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9
Q

The concept of visuality refers to….

A

the ways that vision is shaped through social context and interaction

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10
Q

Punctum is….

A
  • what triggers an emotional response to a photo
  • the deeper meaning of a photo
  • the reaction we have to a photo
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11
Q

Studium is…

A
  • what exactly is seen in the photo without an emotional take
  • what is literally in the frame
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12
Q

The denotative meaning of an image is

A

its literal and explicit meanings

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13
Q

The connotative meaning of an image is

A

the underlying message or feelings and can change over time with shifts in social context

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14
Q

Myths tend to give us answers to questions we ….

A

haven’t answered yet (kind dof stands in place till we figure it out)

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15
Q

The signifier is

A

an image, sound, or written word

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16
Q

The signified is

A

the meaning but varies amongst people

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17
Q

Ideology is…

A
  • manifested in widely shared social assumptions not only about the way things are but about the way things should be
  • the conscious and unconscious beliefs, feelings, and values shared in any given social group
  • interpellation is one of the processes through which ideology is carried out
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18
Q

The most powerful aspect of ideologies is….

A

that they appear to be natural or given

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19
Q

What is an icon?

A

An icon is an image that refers to something outside of its individual components, something or someone that has great symbolic meaning for many people

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20
Q

Semiotics is the study of

A

signs

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21
Q

What are the three kinds of signs?

A
  1. Iconic - resemble their object in some way (restroom cartoon signs of male and female)
  2. Symbolic - bear no obvious relationship to their objects (abstract)
  3. Indexical - involve an existential relationship to their object (have coexisted in the same place at some time)
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22
Q

Meaning production involves at least three elements besides the image itself and its producer…

A
  1. codes and conventions
  2. viewers and how they interpret or experience the image
  3. exhibition and viewing context
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23
Q

A viewer is

A

a person who looks at stuff

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24
Q

An audience is

A

a group of lookers/listeners

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25
Q

To interpellate is

A

to interrupt a procedure or to question someone or something formally

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26
Q

To be interpellated is

A

to be hailed or called in a way in which you recognize yourself to be the person intended by the call

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27
Q

Who said ideology interpellates individuals as subjects

A

Althusser

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28
Q

To be interpellated by an image is

A

to know that that image is meant “for you,” even if you know that you do not buy into the tastes, beliefs, or cultures it invokes, even as you have been targeted as part of its group

29
Q

T or F: We routinely act as both producers and consumers

A

TRUE

30
Q

Viewer interpretations involve two fundamental concepts of value:

A

Taste and Aesthetics

31
Q

Taste is…

A

formed by one’s class, cultural background, education, and other aspects of identity and social experience. it is something we may feel to be personal

32
Q

Aesthetics is…

A

the pleasure something brings us through its beauty, its style or the creative virtuosity that went into its production

33
Q

Which culture was associated with forms such as fine art, classical music, opera and ballet?

A

High culture

34
Q

Which culture was associated with comic strips, television and the cinema?

A

Low culture

35
Q

The term hegemony emphasizes that

A

power is negotiated among all classes of people

36
Q

Bricolage is

A

a mode of adaptation in which things (mostly commodities) are put to uses for which they were not intended, in ways that dislocate them from their normal or expected context

37
Q

Kitsch is

A

associated with mass produced objects that offer cheap or gaudy versions of classical beauty (shein? aliexpress?)

38
Q

Habitus is

A

a set of dispositions and preferences we share as social subjects that are related to our class position, education, and social standing

39
Q

One of the most important aspects of hegemony is that

A

the relationships within its system are constantly changing (being reaffirmed)

40
Q

Hall argued that viewers can occupy one of three positions in decoding a visual or media text…

A
  1. Dominant Hegemonic Reading (the reader takes the message the way it was intended)
  2. Negotiated Reading (figure out a way to relate to it, figure out a way for it to make sense to yourself)
  3. Oppositional Reading (reject what we are being told)
41
Q

De Certeau described textual poaching as

A

inhabiting a text like a rented apartment (taking it over and living in it before passing it along to someone else who will live in it differently and renegotiate meanings)
remakes of movies are essentially examples of textual poaching

42
Q

Transcoding is

A

a process in which social movements take hegemonic or once derogatory terms and reuse them in affirming and empowering ways (queer)

43
Q

Modernity refers to

A
  • the historical period during which a broad set of economic and social structures took shape, including industrialization, the economic class system, and capitalist bureaucracy
  • it is an artistic, literary, and scientific movement
44
Q

Three phases of modernity…

A
  1. Early Modernism Period
  2. Classical Modernity
  3. High Modernism of Late Modernity
45
Q

According to Lacan, when does a human become a subject (develops a stable ego)

A

During early development between 6 and 8 months of age

46
Q

T or F: The growing baby comes to recognize itself in a mirror image which may be the eyes of another like the mother for example

A

TRUE

47
Q

What is a spectator?

A

the subject position of the individual who looks

48
Q

What is spectatorship?

A

The condition of looking

49
Q

What is a gaze?

A

to look intently, a look that is sustained

50
Q

What is a glance?

A

a quick look

51
Q

Scopophilia is

A

the pleasure in looking

52
Q

Exhibitionism is

A

the pleasure in being looked at

53
Q

Voyeurism is

A

the pleasure in looking without being seen (popular in horror films)

54
Q

What are the three different looks associated with cinema?

A
  1. That of the camera as it records the profilmic event (the actual scene)
  2. That of the audience as it watches the final product
  3. That of the characters at each other within the screen illusion (idealized interaction - created intention by the director)
55
Q

What is the mirror stage?

A

a decisive turning point in self identity

56
Q

Epistemology/episteme is

A
  • the way in which we know and how we know
  • the mechanism we can use to find truth or to find the answer to a problem
57
Q

Impressionism painting uses…

A
  • visible brushstrokes and impressionistic depictions of light to capture human vision differently
  • records the light and colour changes they experienced during the painting session
58
Q

Cubism painting uses…

A

the bending of perspective lines and fragmentation of spatial planes to suggest movement over time

59
Q

Action painting uses…

A

spontaneous gestures without concern about aesthetic results, more so concerned with the movement of the body

60
Q

What is technological determinism?

A
  • considers how technology tends to sanitize problems people were having before
  • changes how we communicate, learn, and think
61
Q

Copyright _____

A

grants legal protection to the expression of an idea

62
Q

Copyright includes…

A

the rights to distribute, produce, copy, display, perform, create, and control derivative works based on the original

63
Q

The authenticity is…

A

the essence of all that is transmissible from its beginning, ranging from its substantive duration to its testimony to the history which it has experienced

64
Q

The painter

A
  • maintains in his work a natural distance from reality
  • the pictures the painter obtains is a total one
65
Q

The camerman

A
  • penetrates deeply into its web
  • the pictures the cameraman obtains consists of multiple fragments which are assembled under a new law
66
Q

What is positivism?

A
  • a philosophical theory that holds verifiable scientific knowledge about natural phenomena to be the authentic source of truths about the world
  • relies specifically on empirical scientific evidence
  • belief that we should not go beyond the boundaries of what can be observed
67
Q

What is the most powerful aspect of ideologies?

A

is that they appear to be natural or given

68
Q

Semiotics is

A

the study of signs

69
Q

Habitus is

A

a set of dispositions and preferences we share as social subjects that are related to our social standing, class position, education, etc

CS251 (2 decks)

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