Cs1 Flashcards
Function of nucleus
Contains the genetic material
Function of smooth Endoplasmic reticulum
Synthesis/transport of lipids
Synthesis/transport if steroids(hormones)
Syntheis/transport of carbohydrates
Function of lysosome
Contains hydrolysing enzymes/
Break down of waste material
Function of ribosome
Protein synthesis
Endosymbiotic theory
Mitochondria and chloroplasts found in eukaryotic cells represent formerly free-living bacteria that were absorbed into a larger cell
Endosymbiotic theory
Mitochondria and chloroplasts found in eukaryotic cells represent formerly free-living bacteria that were absorbed into a larger cell
Evidence for endosymbiotic theory
Mitochondria contain ribosomes that are smaller than those found in cell cytoplasm
Mitochondria are similar sixmze to bacteria
Chloroplasts have their own circular DNA
Name 2 features if plant cells that are not features of animal cells
Cell wall Chloroplast \+ Starch grains Large permanent vacuole Tonoplast Plasmodesmata
One structure present in animal cells that is not present in plant cells
Centriole/glycogen granule
Describe role of cytoskeleton
- whole cell support/stability
- movement of cilia/flagella/undulipodia
- changing shape of cell/cytokinesis/endocytosis/exocytisis/phagocytosis
- movement of vesicle
- movement if chromosomes
Pancreas is organ that secretes protease enzymes
Outline how the organelles in pancreatic cells work together to produce and release these protein molecules from the cell
- nucleus contains gene for protein/site for transcription
- Ribosomes/RER site of protein synthesis/translation
- vesicles for transport if proteins
- golgi apparatus processes/modifies/reoackages proteins
- vesicles fuse to plasma membranes
Function of mitochondia
Aerobic respiration/producing ATP
Student suggested that details of mitochondua could be seen clearly with a very goof light microscope.
Explain why student is wrong
Mitochondrion too small
Resolution of light microscope not high enough (0.2 micrometres/200nm)
Wavelength of light too long
Advantages of staining specimens to be viewed under a microsope
Makes visible/easier to see/see more detail
Provides/increases contrast
Identify/ recognise organelles
Identify/recognise different compounds
Plant cells
Have: Mitochondria Chloroplasts Cellulose cell wall Ribosomes
Do not have:
Centrioles
Animal cells
Have:
Mitochondria
Centrioles
Ribosomes
Do not have:
Chloroplasts
Cellulose cell wall
Bacterial cells
Have:
Ribosomes
Do not have: Mitochondria Chloroplasts Cellulose cell walls Centrioles
Example of extracellular protein
Glycoprotein
1 stage during secretion of protein that requires energy
Transport vesicles to plasma membranes
Fusing vesicle to plasma membranes/exocytosis
Function of Golgi apparatus
- receives proteins from RER/ribosomes
- modify/process proteins or make glycoproteins
- repackage into vesicles
- make lysosomes
- replenishes plasma membrane
- lipid synthesis
2 features which wpuld not be present in a prokaryotic cell
Nucleus Golgi apparatus Vesicles RER/SER mitochondria
One feature that would be present in the cytoplasm of a prokaryotic cell that is not found in a eukaryotic cell
Naked DNA
Plasmid
Smaller ribosomes
Student
Sample of blood plus distilled water on slide under microscope
Rbc burst when viewed at high power
Similar procedure using plant epudermus
Plant cells did not burst
Why?
- cell cytoplasm has a clower water potential than distilled water
- water moves into cell, down water potential gradient
- water enters cell by osmosis
- plasma membrane of blood cell us weak so bursts/cannot withstand pressure/haemolyses
- plant cell wall us stong/provides strength so does not bust/withstands pressure
- plant cell becomes turgid/turgidity increases which reduces water uptake
Suggest moification to procedure to observe rbc without them bursting
Use a salt/sugar solution OR add solute to water
Use a solution with the same/similar/lower water potential than blood cell
