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Module 2 > Cs1 > Flashcards

Cs1 Flashcards

1
Q

Function of nucleus

A

Contains the genetic material

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2
Q

Function of smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Synthesis/transport of lipids
Synthesis/transport if steroids(hormones)
Syntheis/transport of carbohydrates

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3
Q

Function of lysosome

A

Contains hydrolysing enzymes/

Break down of waste material

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4
Q

Function of ribosome

A

Protein synthesis

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5
Q

Endosymbiotic theory

A

Mitochondria and chloroplasts found in eukaryotic cells represent formerly free-living bacteria that were absorbed into a larger cell

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6
Q

Endosymbiotic theory

A

Mitochondria and chloroplasts found in eukaryotic cells represent formerly free-living bacteria that were absorbed into a larger cell

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7
Q

Evidence for endosymbiotic theory

A

Mitochondria contain ribosomes that are smaller than those found in cell cytoplasm

Mitochondria are similar sixmze to bacteria

Chloroplasts have their own circular DNA

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8
Q

Name 2 features if plant cells that are not features of animal cells

A 
Cell wall
Chloroplast
\+
Starch grains
Large permanent vacuole
Tonoplast
Plasmodesmata
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9
Q

One structure present in animal cells that is not present in plant cells

A

Centriole/glycogen granule

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10
Q

Describe role of cytoskeleton

A
  1. whole cell support/stability
  2. movement of cilia/flagella/undulipodia
  3. changing shape of cell/cytokinesis/endocytosis/exocytisis/phagocytosis
  4. movement of vesicle
  5. movement if chromosomes
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11
Q

Pancreas is organ that secretes protease enzymes
Outline how the organelles in pancreatic cells work together to produce and release these protein molecules from the cell

A
  1. nucleus contains gene for protein/site for transcription
  2. Ribosomes/RER site of protein synthesis/translation
  3. vesicles for transport if proteins
  4. golgi apparatus processes/modifies/reoackages proteins
  5. vesicles fuse to plasma membranes
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12
Q

Function of mitochondia

A

Aerobic respiration/producing ATP

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13
Q

Student suggested that details of mitochondua could be seen clearly with a very goof light microscope.
Explain why student is wrong

A

Mitochondrion too small
Resolution of light microscope not high enough (0.2 micrometres/200nm)
Wavelength of light too long

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14
Q

Advantages of staining specimens to be viewed under a microsope

A

Makes visible/easier to see/see more detail
Provides/increases contrast
Identify/ recognise organelles
Identify/recognise different compounds

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15
Q

Plant cells

A 
Have:
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Cellulose cell wall
Ribosomes

Do not have:
Centrioles

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16
Q

Animal cells

A

Have:
Mitochondria
Centrioles
Ribosomes

Do not have:
Chloroplasts
Cellulose cell wall

17
Q

Bacterial cells

A

Have:
Ribosomes

Do not have:
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Cellulose cell walls 
Centrioles
18
Q

Example of extracellular protein

A

Glycoprotein

19
Q

1 stage during secretion of protein that requires energy

A

Transport vesicles to plasma membranes

Fusing vesicle to plasma membranes/exocytosis

20
Q

Function of Golgi apparatus

A
  1. receives proteins from RER/ribosomes
  2. modify/process proteins or make glycoproteins
  3. repackage into vesicles
  4. make lysosomes
  5. replenishes plasma membrane
  6. lipid synthesis
21
Q

2 features which wpuld not be present in a prokaryotic cell

A 
Nucleus
Golgi apparatus
Vesicles
RER/SER
mitochondria
22
Q

One feature that would be present in the cytoplasm of a prokaryotic cell that is not found in a eukaryotic cell

A

Naked DNA
Plasmid
Smaller ribosomes

23
Q

Student
Sample of blood plus distilled water on slide under microscope
Rbc burst when viewed at high power

Similar procedure using plant epudermus
Plant cells did not burst
Why?

A
  1. cell cytoplasm has a clower water potential than distilled water
  2. water moves into cell, down water potential gradient
  3. water enters cell by osmosis
  4. plasma membrane of blood cell us weak so bursts/cannot withstand pressure/haemolyses
  5. plant cell wall us stong/provides strength so does not bust/withstands pressure
  6. plant cell becomes turgid/turgidity increases which reduces water uptake
24
Q

Suggest moification to procedure to observe rbc without them bursting

A

Use a salt/sugar solution OR add solute to water

Use a solution with the same/similar/lower water potential than blood cell

25
Q

State the lrocess by which root epidermal cells absorb cells absorb minerals from soil and describe how these cells are specilised to achieve absorption

A
  1. active transport
  2. cells have extensions
  3. thin cell wall
  4. large surface area
  5. many more mitochondria
  6. many carrier proteins in cell surface membrane

Module 2 (4 decks)

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