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11/9/12 Test Material > CS-6: Treatments > Flashcards

CS-6: Treatments Flashcards

1
Q

Which of these is considered a gem treatment?

a. Cutting
b. Polishing
c. Fashioning
d. Fracture Filling

A

D. Fracture Filling

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2
Q

Written information on dyeing gems dates back to about: When?

A

200 BC

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3
Q

Which gem is commonly heat-treated?

a. Iolite
b. Amber
c. Tsavorite
d. Rhodolite

A

B. Amber

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4
Q

Heat can lighten amethyst’s purple by (how)?

A

Causng changes in color centers

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5
Q

Creating asterism with heat treatment is most common in (what stone)?

A

Synthetic Corundum

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6
Q

What coloring agents do treaters use during lattice diffusion to create a shallow layer of blue color in corundum?

A

Titanium oxide and iron oxide

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7
Q

How deep is the color layer that lattice diffusion with titanium or chromium creates in corundum/

A

0.01 mm to 0.50 mm

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8
Q

What agent can create a shallow layer of asterism when it’s introduced below the surface of a corundum cabochon by lattice diffusion?

A

Titanium Oxide

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9
Q

For effective clarity enhancement, the material used to fill a gem’s fractures must have nearly the same (what)?

A

Refractive index as the gem

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10
Q

After irradiation, which gem’s color is stable under normal wearing conditions?

A

Golden Beryl

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11
Q

Jadeite is often (what)

A

Bleached and polymer impregnated

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12
Q

The Zachery method is a treatment applied to (what stone)?

A

Turquoise

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13
Q

Heat treatment in a reducing environment does what?

A

Deepens blue color in sapphire

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14
Q

Quartz or topaz with a thin layer of gold deposited on the surface is known as what?

A

Aqua Aura

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15
Q

Treaters use sugar treatment to enhance what stone?

A

Opal

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16
Q

Definition:

A treatment that uses chemical to lighten or remove color

A

Answer:

Bleaching

17
Q

Definition:

Filling of pores or other openings with melted wax, resin, polymer, or plastic to improve appearance and stability

A

Answer:

Colorless Impregnation

18
Q

Definition:

A treatment that adds color or affects color by deepening it, making it more even, or changing it

A

Answer:

Dyeing

19
Q

Definition:

Using a filler to concel fractures and improve the apparent clarity of a gem

A

Answer:

Fracture (fissure) filling

20
Q

Definition:

A chemical that treaters mix with some resins to cause them to solidify

A

Answer:

Hardener

21
Q

Definition:

Exposing a gem to rising temperatures for the purpose of changing its appearance

A

Answer:

Heat Treatment

22
Q

Definition:

Exposing a gem to radiation to change or improve its color

A

Answer:

Irradiation

23
Q

Definition:

A treatment in which a gem is exposed to high temperatures and chemicals to allow penetration of color-causing elements

A

Answer:

Lattice Diffusion

24
Q

Definition:

An oxygen-rich environment that surrounds a gem during heat treatment, causing it to absorb oxygen

A

Answer:

Oxidizing environment

25
Q

Definition:

A liquid filling material that’s very durable when it dries

A

Answer:

Polymer

26
Q

Definition:

A rapid heating and cooling process that produces fractures in a stone so it will accept dye

A

Answer:

Quench Crackling

27
Q

Definition:

A oxygen-poor environment that surrounds a gem during heat treatment, causing it to lose oxygen

A

Answer:

Reducing environment

28
Q

Definition:

A clear, viscous substance that’s used to fill fractures in gemstones

A

Answer:

Resin

29
Q

Definition:

Heating a wrapped opal until smoke or ash penetrates its surface to darken it and bring out its play-of-color

A

Answer:

Smoke Treatment

30
Q

Definition:

Soaking an opal in a hot sugar solution and then in sulfuric acid to darken it and bring out its play-of-color

A

Answer:

Sugar treatment

31
Q

Definition:

Altering a gem’s appearance by applying backings, coatings, or coloring agents like paint

A

Answer:

Surface modification

32
Q

Definition:

Any human-controlled process, beyond cutting and polishing, that improves the appearance, durability,or value of a gem

A

Answer:

Treatment

33
Q

Key Concepts:

What are 2 things that treatments improve increase the supply of commercially important stones?

A
  1. Gem Appearance
  2. Quality
34
Q

Key Concepts:

What are 6 gems that are commonly heat treated?

A
  1. Corundum
  2. Tanzanite
  3. Zircon
  4. Topaz
  5. Aquamarine
  6. Amber
35
Q

Key Concepts:

What are commonly irradiated gems (3)?

A
  1. Topaz
  2. Tourmaline
  3. Cultured Pearl
36
Q

Key Concepts:

How is Jadeite often treated?

A

Combination of

  1. Bleaching and
  2. Impregnation
37
Q

Key Concepts:

What is one of the oldest gem treatments?

A

Dyeing

38
Q

Key Concepts:

What are commonly dyed gems (4)?

A
  1. Cultured Pearl
  2. Lapis Lazuli
  3. Chalcedony
  4. Coral

11/9/12 Test Material (6 decks)

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