CS 2 Flashcards
What is Secondary Memory?
Stores data long-term, like hard drives or SSDs.
How does Cache Memory differ from Primary Memory?
Cache is faster and smaller; primary memory holds data currently in use.
How does Primary Storage differ from Secondary Storage?
Primary is faster but temporary; secondary is slower but permanent.
What are the characteristics of Non-volatile Memory?
Retains data without power (e.g., SSDs, USB drives).
What are the advantages of using Virtual Machines?
Run multiple OS on one device and save costs.
What is Computer Software, and what is its role in computer systems?
Runs programs and manages hardware resources.
Why was Moore’s Law interesting?
Predicted exponential growth in computing power.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of Lossless Compression?
Preserves data but achieves less compression.
What is a Code System in Communications and Information Processing?
Converts data into signals for transmission.
What is the difference between Encoding and Encryption?
Encryption is used to read the data; encoding protects it.
How does Symmetric Encryption differ from Asymmetric Encryption?
Symmetric uses one key; asymmetric uses two (public/private).
What is the purpose of Hashing?
Converts data into a fixed-length code for security or checksums.
Why is Electronic Data Interchange important to organizations today?
Speeds up transactions and reduces errors.
What are the characteristics of a Computer Network?
Connectivity, data sharing, scalability, and reliability.
How do two methods of Data Transmission differ?
Synchronous (real-time) vs. asynchronous (delayed).
What types of Communication Channels exist?
Wired, wireless, optical fiber.
What are the methods for Data Transfer in a Digital Communication System?
Packet switching and circuit switching.
What is a Network Packet?
A unit of data sent across a network.
What are the types of Computer Network Topology?
Star, bus, ring, and mesh.
How is a Bus Network Layout different from a Star Network Layout?
Bus shares one connection; star connects devices to a central hub.
What is the difference between Guided and Unguided Communication Media?
Guided uses cables; unguided uses wireless signals.
What are Internet Protocols in Networking?
Rules for data exchange (e.g., TCP/IP, HTTP).
What is the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model and its Layers?
Physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application.
How is the OSI Model different from the Internet Protocol Suite Model?
OSI has 7 layers; the Internet model has 4 layers.
What are Internet Protocol Addresses?
Unique number for identifying devices online.
What is a Sub-network and Subnet Mask?
A sub-network divides networks, and a subnet mask defines the network part of an IP address.
What is the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)?
Assigns IP addresses automatically.
What is the Domain Name System (DNS)?
Converts domain names to IP addresses.
