CS Flashcards
What are the basic components of a computer system?
Input devices, output devices, CPU, memory, and storage
Why are the input-output devices essential for a computer system?
They enable interaction between the user and the computer
What is the role of the CPU?
Executes instructions and processes data
What is the fifth generation of computers and its characteristics?
Use AI, are faster, and support advanced tasks like machine learning
What is the difference between information and computer data?
Information is processed data; data is raw facts
How does the binary numeral system differ from the hexadecimal numeral system?
Binary uses two digits (0, 1), hexadecimal uses 16 (0-9, A-F)
What is a computer file, and what is its position in a file system?
A file stores data and is organized within folders
What is the role and structure of a computer file system?
The file system manages data storage, access, and organization with files, directories, paths, and permissions.
Why does the path of multiple directories contain delimiters?
They separate folders and files in a path
What is a code system in communications and information processing?
A code system is a set of rules to represent and transmit information, ensuring efficient and reliable communication.
Why is data compression used in computer systems?
To reduce file size for storage and faster transfer
What are the advantages and disadvantages of lossless compression?
Lossless compression retains all data but achieves lower compression ratios.
What are the main components of John von Neumann’s architecture?
CPU, memory, input/output, and storage
How is a peer-to-peer model different from a client-server model?
Peer-to-peer shares resources equally; client-server has a central server
What is the role of the ALU, and where is it located in computer architecture?
Performs mathematical and logical operations; located in the CPU
Why was Moore’s Law interesting?
Predicted exponential growth in computing power
How does primary memory differ from cache memory?
Cache is faster and smaller; primary memory holds data currently in use
How is a computer motherboard organized?
Connects components like CPU, RAM, and storage via circuits
What are the characteristics of non-volatile memory?
Retains data without power (e.g., SSDs, USB drives)
What is the role of computer secondary storage?
Stores data long-term, like hard drives or SSDs
How does primary storage differ from secondary storage?
Primary is faster but temporary; secondary is slower but permanent
How does a hard disk drive differ from a solid-state drive?
HDD uses spinning disks; SSD uses flash memory and is faster
What is the role and characteristics of interfaces in computing?
Connect hardware and software for interaction
What are the main types of user interfaces in computing?
Command-line, graphical, and voice interfaces
What is computer software, and what is its role in computer systems?
Runs programs and manages hardware resources
What are the advantages of using virtual machines?
Run multiple OS on one device, save costs
